Moral Simplification in Disney’s The Little Mermaid

Disney’s Portrayal of Women and Simplification of Morals For most people, the first image that comes to mind when the subject of Walt Disney’s animated movies comes up is the studio’s popular princesses. Ever since Snow White made her debut in 1937, Disney has cornered the market on princesses. One primary topic that critics have discussed in Disney’s films is the way princesses are portrayed. The roles of the female characters are especially drawing the interest of academic critics.Jack Zipes, author of Breaking the Disney Spell, believes that the Disney princesses have regressed. On the other hand, Libe Zarranz, author of Diswomen Strike Back? The Evolution of Disney’s Femmes in the 1990s, and Rebecca Do Rozario, author of The Princess and the Magic Kingdom: Beyond Nostalgia, The Function of the Disney Princess, believe that the Disney princess has progressed. Another aspect of Disney’s movies that catches the eyes of critics is the moral s implification in the films.They believe that the morals from the original fairy tales are being manipulated and simplified in the Disney films. A. Waller Hastings, author of Moral Simplification in Disney’s The Little Mermaid, and Finn Mortensen, author of The Little Mermaid: Icon and Disneyfication, both agree that Disney’s simplification of morals is giving viewers the wrong depiction of life. Disney’s portrayal of women and simplification of morals are giving viewers the wrong impression of life and women. Many critics call the process of simplification in Disney movies, â€Å"Disneyfication. Disneyfication is especially shown in The Little Mermaid. In Disney’s version of The Little Mermaid, Disney retains elements of Hans Christian Andersen’s original fairy tale. A. Waller Hastings notes, â€Å"In the Disney adaptation, the elements of the fairy tale remain recognizable, but superimposed are typical elements of Disneyfication and a happy endi ng that contravenes the moral intention of the original tale† (85). The resistance towards Disneyfication is an agreement between academic writers.Zarranz also notes, â€Å"The dramatic transformation of literary fairy tales, nonetheless, has been problematic, since Disney’s animated fairy-tale adaptations have systematically undergone a process involving sanitization and Americanizaion, two distinctive features to compound the so-called ‘Disneyfication’ of folklore and popular culture† (55). Many critics believe that Disneyfication takes out the sting and variety of the real world. In the Disney world, everything is the same, everything is happy, and everything is full of everlasting hope.Zipes states that, â€Å"The great ‘magic’ of the Disney spell is that he animated the fairy tale only to transfix audiences and divert their potential utopian dreams and hopes through the false promises of the images he cast upon the screen† (2 3). The process known as Disneyfication seems to be giving viewers the wrong depiction of life. Original morals that are shown throughout the original fairy tales are left out when they become â€Å"Disneyfied. † The conclusion that Disney’s â€Å"watering down† of morals of the original fairy tales is an overwhelming agreement among academic writers.Most people applaud Walt Disney and his predecessors for their creations, however many critics have found a particular flaw of moral simplification in Disney films. Mortensen notes, â€Å"The message of the fairytale is conveyed in terms suitable for a modern public but is integrated into a product that cheats its intended public of small children†¦ † (449). Because the morals in the original fairytale’s are seemingly left out of Disney productions, critics view the Disney films as nothing more than simplistic reproductions that give viewers wrong impressions of life.Hastings writes, â€Å"While generally praising Walt Disney’s technical contributions to animated film, critics have been troubled by the studio’s treatment of classic children’s literature and fairy tales† (83). The producers at Disney are giving children an unreal sense of false hope. Disney films are simplified to an extreme that give viewers the wrong depiction of life. The simplistic portrayal of female characters is a specific by-product of Disneyfication. The roles of female characters in Disney movies have regressed compared to Walt Disney’s first films that featured female characters.In Disney’s earliest movie, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Snow White takes on a maternal image. She instructs the dwarves in small, everyday routines such as manners and hygiene, and serves as a mother to the dwarves. The role of Snow White is very simple compared to the princesses of late, and much more realistic. In more recent Disney movies, female characters are shown as prin cesses. While the female characters, such as Snow White, used to be a bit submissive and worldly, over time some critics believe the female character has progressed. Zarranz notes,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ven though it is still a long time before we can speak about successful feminist representations in a commercial icon like Disney, recent films incorporate complex females that are worth taking into consideration† (63). Some female characters are even seen as courageous women admired for their brave deeds in their films. Ariel from The Little Mermaid and Belle from Beauty and The Beast are the start of the more modern Disney princess. Do Rozario writes, â€Å"The Disney kingdom still may seem a man’s world, but it is a man’s world dependent on a princess† (57).While Rozario and Zarranz believe the Disney princess has progressed, Zipes strongly suggests that the princess of late has regressed. Zipes writes, â€Å"The young women are helpless ornaments in need of pr otection, and when it comes to the action of the film, they are omitted† (37). Rozario and Zarranz believe that the female character has progressed because of the role that has been given to the characters. However, they seem to overlook the fact that the princess role is very unrealistic.They also seem to overlook the fact that in almost every princess movie, the female character is relying on a male character. In The Little Mermaid, Ariel gives up her entire life to be with a man. Belle, too, lets go of her former life to be with the Beast. So as Rozario and Zarranz may believe that the more recent female characters are much more strong and courageous than those of earlier Disney films, they seem to have overlooked the flaws in the Disney princess. While Walt Disney and his studios are usually praised, multiple researchers have found flaws in in their creations.The inability to portray women in a more realistic way, and the simplification of morals that Disney produces in th eir films, are giving viewers the wrong impression of life and women in the real world. While Disney probably won’t take the critic’s suggestions into consideration, the critics do propose some very interesting arguments concerning the image of female characters and the simplification of morals. Works Cited Do Rozario, Rebecca-Anne C. â€Å"The Princess and the Magic Kingdom: Beyond Nostalgia, The Function Of The Disney Princess. † Women's Studies in Communication 27. 1 (2004): 34-59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Nov. 012. Hastings, A. Waller. â€Å"Moral Simplification in Disney’s The Little Mermaid. † The Lion and the Unicorn 17. 1 (1993): 83-92. Print. Mortensen, Finn Hauberg. â€Å"The Little Mermaid: Icon And Disneyfication. † Scandinavian Studies 80. 4 (2008): 437-454. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. Zarranz, Libe Garcia. â€Å"Diswomen Strike Back? The Evolution of Disney’s Femmes in the 1990s. † 2 7. 2 (2007): 55-65. Print. Zipes, Jack. â€Å"Breaking the Disney Spell. † From Mouse to Mermaid: The Politics of Film, Gender, and Culture. Ed. Elizabeth Bell, Linda Haas and Laura Sells. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP 1995. 21-43.

Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Youth of India

IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES(SNS) ON THE YOUTH OF INDIA : A BIRD’S EYE VIEW. Ruchi Sachdev College of Management Studies Kanpur (UP) India Abstract-This paper is focused to find out the answer whether the social networking sites are boon or bane for today’s society. No doubt these SNS provides employment ,marketing ,personal growth ,sharing of information but the most prevalent danger through often involves online predators or individuals. These SNS has great impact on youth of India. One can easily see the entry gate of these social networking sites but it is unable to find exit for these SNS.One side these sites provide to communicate with our dear ones on the other side it creates platform for many cyber crimes. Everyone should be understood that The SNS is a â€Å"child of† computing â€Å"by computing† but† for the society â€Å". So we focused on the fact that how SNS are implementing and used in an effective manner that is also beneficia l for Indian society and what are the role of Indian youth . In this paper we focused on the positive as well as negative impact of these social networking sites on the Indian youth and what are the ethical responsibilities of the users of these sites.Keywords-IEEE standards ,internet,WI-FI, elecommunication, , online ownership, online credibility. SNS(Social networking sites) are connected, both in their leisure time, and at work. There are various factors which have prompted us to consider the implications of these technologies for policy-making. One of these is the willingness of users to embrace SNS as a means of communication and social networking in everyday life. The increasing dependence on technology for basic communication also highlights the importance of analyzing how SNS are affecting daily processes.Sites like Face book, Friend ster and LinkedIn are influencing the way users establish, maintain and cultivate a range of social relationships, from close friendships to ca sual acquaintances. II CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES The basic characteristics of social networking sites can be explained with the help of following table-1 FEATURES Presentation of oneself DESCRIPTION The basic level of entry in most SNS is the setting up of a ‘profile': a personalized page developed by the user in which he/she presents him/herself to peers, through text, photos music and videos amongst others Functionalities.SNS allow users to mobilize and organize their social contacts and profiles in the way they want other members to see them. I INTRODUCTTON Social networking phenomenon has emerged over the past ten years. In that time, social networking sites (SNS) have grown from a niche to a mass online activity, in which tens of millions of internet users are engaged, both in their leisure time, and at work. However, there has been very little research on the socio-economic impact of these sites in the Indian context. In this paper we focused on the impa ct of these social networking sites on the youth of India in both positive as well as negative phase.Social networking is a phenomenon which has existed since society began. Human beings have always sought to live in social environments. The proliferation of social networking sites (SNS) and their pervasion in everyday practices is affecting how modern Indian youth societies manage their social networks. To a significant extent, SNS have shifted social networking to the Internet. In less than five years, these sites have grown from a niche online activity into a phenomenon through which tens of millions of internet users Externalization of dataThe externalization of networks is possibly one of the first times online users have been able to view their own online social networks, and share them with friends and the general public. Some SNS also support applications which allow users to describe the relation between themselves and other members. Though notions of virtual communities ha ve existed since the beginning of online applications, SNS support new ways for people to connect between themselves. Users of these sites may choose to communicate through various digital objects, such as tags and in-built applications within the SNS, such as the ‘visual shelf' application in Facebook.Users may join a community of book readers, connecting through books they have liked [4]. New ways for community formation Bottom-up activities SNS provide the ideal platforms through which users with similar values and interests can come together to collaborate effectively and cheaply. For instance, doctors can share and double check rare medical cases on health SNS such as Within3, or activists can organize a protest through sites like Care2 [5]. A major attribute of SNS' popularity is their simplicity.Anyone with basic internet skills can create and manage an online SNS presence. Prior to SNS, users gained an online presence by having a personal homepage [6]. The drawbacks we re that these homepages are not easy to create and development and hosting of the site often incur costs. In contrast, SNS are free of charge and open for anyone to join. Most of them require registration, while others limit membership through an invitation from members who are already members of the site. SNS support new points of entry to the internet: people's personal worlds.Until recently, people spoke of the internet in metaphors of places (cities, addresses, and homepages). Ease of use Figure 1: Graph 1[2] (a) Negative Impact of SNS on Youth of India Reorganization of Internet geography Table 1[5]: Taking all these characteristics together, we can observe significant changes in how users network and operate their social contacts according to different social environments. In particular, SNS seem to be influencing and shaping the way we communicate between ourselves and how we manage our social contacts.In considering the disadvantages, respondents identified a number of negat ive aspects of online social networking including: (i) the time-consuming nature of online social networking sites, Indian youth admitting that they waste a lot of time on these sites. (ii) Concern about access to personal information by others, with almost half of the youth worried that â€Å"non friends? may see their personal information. (iii) Concern that information posted may be used against them. The waste timing percentage of Indian youth on SNS can be explained with the graph shown it figure 2. IIISOCIAL IMPACT OF SNS ON INDIAN YOUTH There has been significant interest and concern about the risks of online social networking because of access to personal information and the anonymity that the system allows. A number of public cases of bullying and identity theft have put this issue in the public arena. In the survey participants were asked whether they have ever had a bad social networking experience. A considerable number of respondents in a survey (28%) reported having h ad a negative online experience with adults aged below 30 the most likely to export this (60%).These participants were asked to provide further information about the negative experience. For most respondents the experience reflected unwanted contact or people posting in appropriate or upsetting information online. Some respondents specified having online bullying and provided examples such as abusive messages and harassment from someone of the opposite sex. The number of users using SNS according to age group can be explained with the help of the graph shown it figure 1. Figure 2: Graph 2[3] b) Other Negative Impacts Of Sns The negative effects of a new technology are never fully visible in the initial stages due the hype and excitement involved. However with time we observe the more time we spend online the more connected we get hence the urge to not miss out on anything this induces an invisible layer of stress and pressure on the individuals. The very fabric of our societies is n ow beginning to take a new shape. scientist has warned. Sites such as Face book, Twitter and Bebo are said to shorten attention spans, encourage instant gratification and make young people more self-centered. i) My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, which have a small attention Span and who live for the moment. (ii) A 2010 Case Western Reserve School of Medicine study showed hyper-networking (more than three hours on social networks per day) and hyper texting (more than 120 text messages per day) correlated with unhealthy behaviors in teens, including drinking, smoking and sexual activity.Hyper-networking was also associated with depression, substance abuse, poor sleep patterns, suicide and poor academic performance [4]. (iii) While the above studies show actual correlations between social networking and negative consequences, others argue that many other negative consequ ences may exist that have not yet been studied. Some of the harmful effects people suggest social networking has that have not yet yielded conclusive study results include: can also be positives. I guess there are no hard and fast rules when it comes to the effect social networks are having on us all in this day and age.It has never been easier to make friends than it is right now, mainly thanks to social networking sites. Just a few decades ago it was pretty tough to connect with people, unless you were the overly outgoing type able to make conversation with anyone at a party. The rise of mobile phones helped change this, connecting people in a new way, but then social networks sprang up and the whole idea of friendship changed once more and forever. It’s entirely possible to have hundreds of friends on Face book.They may not be friends you know on a personal level and spend time with in the real world on a weekly basis. But they’re friends nevertheless [7]. There are several people I consider friends who I have never met – indeed, I may never meet them – but that doesn’t lessen the connection we have thanks to social networks. Other major positive impacts are given as(d) Speedy Communication: Our time is being stretched thinner and thinner by work and family commitments, but social networking sites offer a chance to communicate in a speedy and efficient manner.Writing an update (i) Social networking websites are causing alarming changes in the brains of young users, an eminent (ii) Encouraging poor grammar, usage, and spelling Allowing the spread of misinformation that may be perceived as fact even in light of evidence to the contrary. †¢ Exposing children to online predators †¢ Creating a culture in which a single mistake such as a racy picture or poorly thought-out comment can cause irreparable harm to your reputation †¢ Decreasing productivity as workers habitually check social networking sites while they should be working. Providing information that increases the risk of identity theft. (c) Positive Impact of Social Networking Sites Social networking isn’t for everyone, but it’s now such a massive part of all our lives, whether we embrace or reject the notion, that it can no longer be ignored. But are social networking sites such as Face book, Twitter, and Google+ a force for good or evil? As with most questions there are multiple angles to approach this quandary from.Having already looked at the negative impact of social networking sites on society, I thought it only fair to redress the balance. Every ying has its yang, after all. Using the previous article as a loose template it’s clear to see that what some people would conceive as negatives for Twitter takes all of 20 seconds and with cross-posting over other social networks switched on, that update reaches everyone you want it to reach (and probably more besides) in an instant[5] . Social networking sites a llow you to live a life unhindered by small talk. e) In Touch with the world: It isn’t just your inner circle of close friends and even closer family members that social networking sites allow you to communicate with easily and effectively, either. They open the world up to you, making it a smaller place than it has ever been before. So much so that I actually haven’t a clue where many of my contacts reside. When it comes to social networks everyone is equal, regardless of location. Family living abroad can be kept abreast of the latest happenings in your world as quickly as those living next door.Friends who you haven’t seen since school, and who have since moved away, are able to keep in touch. Location-based services such as Foursquare and Gowalla emphasize your location but social networking as a whole means it has become a lot less important. Social networking sites have made the world a smaller place. (f) Building Relationships: There is no doubting that s ocial networking sites can lead to the breaking up of relationships. But there is another side to the tale, which is that people are moving onto other, perhaps better, relationships at the same time.Social networks can put you (back) in touch with those you have lots in common with, and that common ground is often the starting point for longlasting relationships. (f) Promises of Ownership and Authorship Online. (g) Maintain Credibility. So the youth of Indian can play an important role to reduce the negative impact of social networking sites sucha that it can be used in the beneficial way. V CONCLUSION IV ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUTH USING SNS The new digital social networking media are a frontier that is rich with opportunities and risks, particularly for young people.Through SNS technologies, young people are participating in a range of activities, including social networking, blogging, vlogging, gaming, instant messaging, downloading music and other content, uploading and shar ing their own creations, and collaborating with others in various ways. Five key issues are at stake in the new social networking media identity, privacy, ownership and authorship, credibility, and participation [8]. These issues decide the social and ethical responsibilities of the youth that using the services of social networking sites. a) Every person that using the SNS should be aware about their rights and moral responsibilities. (b) We should respect the authentication and privacy of those members that are using SNS. (c ) We should follow the ethics of online identity. (d) Create culture of disclosure. (e) Online, a number of strategies—including privacy settings, selective disclosure, code switching, and deception are used by youth to control the presentation of their identities and thereby manage their privacy. Most social networking sites have privacy settings that allow users o limit access to their profiles to a narrow audience of confirmed friends, and evidence s uggests that many young people use them. (e) The online culture of disclosure holds important promises for young people, including empowerment of themselves and others, the creation of communities of support around shared struggles, and the development of a broad ethical sense of responsibility with respect to privacy. No doubt that SNS has great impact on the Indian youth it has lot of challenges which we have to face .There are many questions arise when we think about the impact of these SNS that What does it mean to manage online privacy in an ethical manner? How do online spaces facilitate and undermine ethical thinking about privacy? How much personal information is reasonable to share online? Young people who share personal experiences online taking steps to protect their own and others’ identities, and are these steps sufficient? Is it reasonable for young people to expect a certain measure of privacy when it comes to their online lives?Who is at fault when an unintend ed audience can read a young person’s revealing blog or MySpace page? So we should focus on the ethical use of these SNS so that it serves our society in a right way and the youth can play an important role because SNS is a boob and curse both for the Indian society . In one hand it provides away to connect our dear ones on the other side it gives a platform that become danger for Indian heritage and culture. REFERENCES [1] Introduction to SNS technology, Retrieved on September 24, 2006 From www. wi-fitechnology. om [2] Consumer Reports (2010). Social insecurity: What millions of online users don't know can hurt them. Retrieved from http://www. consumerreports. org/cro/magazinearchive/2010/june/elec tronics-computers/social-insecurity/overview/index. htm [3] Nie, N. H. & Hillygus, D. S. (2002). The impact of internet use on sociability: Time-diary findings. IT & Society, 1, 1 – 20. [4] IEEE 802. 16 and WiMAX: Social networking sites Access for Everyone, Intel Corporati on, 2003. http://www. intel. com/ebusiness/pdf/SNS/intel/80216_wimax. df [5] The Role of Technology in Telecom Expansion in India†, IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 36, No. 11, pp 88-94, November, 1998. [6] Bender off, E. 2007. â€Å"Cheating a Real Problem in youth’s Virtual World. † Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 1, 2008, from http://www. chicagotribun e. com/business/chi-0703080167mar08,0, 4256114story? cull=chi-bizfont-hed. [7] Of com. (2008). Social networking: A quantitative and qualitative research report into attitudes, behaviors and use. Retrieved from http://stakeholders. ofcom. org. uk/binaries/research/medialiteracy/report1. pdf

Dream Destination

What would be your dream destination if you do not need to worry about the budget and time? Sun, sand and sea, a thousand ‘Robinson Crusoe’ islands, massive lagoons with different depths and infinite shades of blue and turquoise, dazzling underwater coral gardens; a perfect natural combination for the ideal tropical holiday destination. However there is more to the Maldives than just that. Mal Dives comprises 1,190 coral islands, forming an archipelago of 26 major atolls on Southwest of Sri Lanka, on the equator. It stretches 820 kilometres north to south and 120 kilometres east to west. 02 are inhabited, 87 are exclusive resort islands. The weather there is generally warm and humid. There are sun shines all year through, and the average temperature is around 29 – 32 degrees Celsius. The origins of the Maldivians are lost in antiquity, but history reveals that the islands have been populated for over 3,000 years ago. Early settlers were travelers on the Silk Route and from the Indus Valley Civilization. Inherently warm, friendly and hospitable by nature, it is easy to feel comfortable and relaxed with a Maldivian.A proud history and rich culture evolved from the first settlers who were from various parts of the world travelling the seas in ancient times. The Maldives has been a melting pot of different cultures as people from different parts of the world came here and settled down. Some of the local music and dance for instance resemble African influences, with handbeating of drums and songs in a language that is not known to any but certainly represents that of East African countries. As one would expect there is a great South Asian influence in some of the music and dancing and especially in the traditional food of the Maldivians.However many of the South Asian customs especially with regard to women are not tenets of life here – for instance, the Sub Continent’s tradition of secluding women from public view. In fact women pl ay a major role in society – not surprising considering the fact men spend the whole day out at sea fishing. Many of the traditions are strongly related to the seas. Dhivehi is the language spoken in all parts of the Maldives. English is widely spoken by Maldivians and visitors can easily make themselves understood getting around the capital island.In the resorts, a variety of languages are spoken by the staff including English, German, French, Italian and Japanese. After a quick look at Mal Dives’ geography, climate, origins, cultures and languages, it’s time for me to tell you my personal reason to choose Mal Dives as my dream destination. The Beaches in the Maldives are spectacular. Families spend their time there with for relaxation, and couples might go there for honey mood. I am so interested in some of the resorts which are built right on the sea. It arouses my desire to jump into the sea in the morning and I am sure I can stay in the resort for a whole d ay.Another special activity is scuba diving. Maldives is treasured as one of best diving destinations, it is the place where a diver’s dream come true. Diving Safaris will lead you to exciting spots hardly ever visited before. It is the best opportunity to discover the breathtaking beauty of the fascinating underwater kingdom known as the best underwater scenery in the world. And, since I enjoy taking pictures, I will try to fill my photo albums with photos of Mal Dives. I believe the natural beautiful scenes of Mal Dives will impress my friends and family. Maybe I will even try to take pictures underwater.Hopefully I will get the chance to take some pictures with mermaids. Although I don’t have to worry about budget and time, I still have to plan my schedule for the trip to Mal Dives. I think I am going to spend at least 5 days 4 nights there with an important person of mine. I plan to make this trip romantic for my girl as I wish to win her heart successfully. The fi rst 2 nights I will choose to stay in Olhuveli Beach & Spa Resort, and I intend to stay at the Honeymoon Water Villa. During the stay at Olhuveli, we can do many kinds of water sports there such as windsurfing or kite boarding.Later, we will go to a sun spa to relax. The magnificent Sun Spa at Olhuveli takes an integrated and holistic approach to your health, providing holistic treatments for your body, mind and spirit. Then, the rest of the holidays I will be in Soneva Fushi in Mal Dives. The reason I choose this resort is that it features its jungle and beach-side location. It is so unique that everything there seems to be made of wood. I am looking forward to walking in the forest in the early morning before breakfast. Later, I will stay around the pool for the rest of the morning.Later, after taking a nap in the wood house, we will do cycling before dinner to end the day. However, Mal Dives is cursed with mounting evidence of an environmental catastrophe. Government scientists f ear the sea level is rising up to 0. 9cm a year, and the Maldives could become uninhabitable within 100 years. What we can do to help Mal Dives is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas such as using appliances efficiently, and avoiding using plastic bags from grocery stores. It is important to protect and conserve such a beautiful place as Mal Dives.To sum up, as the topic says, I chose Mal Dives to be my dream destination since I don’t have to worry about the budge and time. However, I might need to work on my languages (for example, to learn some Dhivehi, and most importantly, improve my English. ) Anyhow, I believe I am already one step closer to my dream destination. I thank Wells for giving me the opportunity to engage myself in the research on Mal Dives and to learn some English when writing this speech. This is really a great practice. Thank you for listening. Resource: http://www. visitmaldives. com/ http://www. olhuveli. com/ http://www. sixsenses. com/soneva/

Affirmative action Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Affirmative action - Dissertation Example As the report declares Affirmative Action is expressed through the formulation of agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which ensures that all forms of discrimination at the workplace are avoided as far as possible. For example, one of the forms of discrimination that exists as the workplace, especially among police officers, is sexual discrimination and harrassment towards members of both sexes. The term harassment is a wide ranging one and is not restricted merely to the coercion into the sexual act. It includes any and all forms of unwanted sexual attention, or sexual coercion, gender sneer or suggestive subtext. Discriminatory behavior could result in verbal and physical abuse of a criminal in an inferior position with a law enforcement officer. This discussion stresses that at the workplace, sexual harassment of women police officers becomes particularly distressing for the victim because of the enforced nature of the contact and the necessity to endure the unpleasantness for the sake of retaining one’s job and the source of one’s daily income. In the United States, harassment is defined simply as a hostile work environment where unwanted are demands are made to directly or indirectly interfere with a person’s employment and interfere with the individual’s performance – affirmative action helps to address these concerns. Affirmative action is even more necessary in the employment of police officers.

Caltural change of the organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Caltural change of the organization - Essay Example The organizational or cultural guidelines or expectations prescribe appropriate kinds of behavior that its employees should implement in particular situations. The following paragraphs will explain in detail how corporate cultural values controls the behavior of each organizational members towards one another from organizational values (Hill, 2001) Generally, top management officers could try to determine whether to continue with the current corporate culture or to change it. They may want to impose corporate values and standards of behavior in order to particularly reflect the objectives of the organization. In addition, there are generally standing internal cultures within the company’s workforce (Edsforth,2005) And, the interplay of post-industrial technologies, new organizational practices and wider social influences is effecting changes in corporate production and culture. This is debated that the deliberate reconstruction of corporate culture reconstructs the culture of the 20th century workplace(Casey, 2007). Furthermore, all the work groups within a corporation have their individual behavioral idiosyncrasies and communications that that influences the entire organization. Clearly, top management can willingly be infused outside culture into its work environment. For clarity, computer technicians usually have independently gained the expertise, language and behaviors of the organization, but the attendance of these technicians may affect the culture of the organization in its entirety. In the article How to make Life Changes Using Psychologist Kurt Lewin’s Unfreeze –Change – Freeze Method. Lose weight, change careers and more using this three step process(Goss, 2007) emphasized that most people hate change. But again, there is very popular saying that goes nothing in this world is permanent except change. For change compels

Discuss what you believe to be the purpose(s) of education today Essay - 2

Discuss what you believe to be the purpose(s) of education today - Essay Example This is actually an experience that brings formative effects on the manner in which an individual thinks and feels or whose acts may be taken to be educational. The research examines the significance that education often holds for an individual and society in the modern times.  The educational process is very long, often being divided into stages that one has to undertake progressively; these stages include, the preschool, which is at the initial level, primary and then secondary, then later tertiary education which comprises of college and university as well as apprenticeship. The science that describes the bets and effective ways to teach is referred to as pedagogy. Because of the perceived importance of education, education has been ratified as an important human right, with governments enacting various legislations and means to ensuring that their citizens access quality education effectively. This has seen the introduction of free elementary education in some countries and even up to tertiary levels in others, all in a bid to ensure that the nation is effectively educated in order to influence social and economic development in the country Newman, the Catholic poet explains that in the learning process, especially at the higher level, the university, learners get the essence of learning. He says, â€Å"†¦The university is a society in which the student absorbs the graces and accomplishments of a higher form of life† (Newman para 2). It is believed that long before any formalized research existed; state constitution and all forms of legislative requirements, philosophers of the ancient times had already shown great regard to the purpose of education and the process of schooling in general (Newman para 6). They seemed to encourage people to think and identify the true meaning of life, and training their children on this path in order to become responsible

To what extent had a middling class emerged in Britain by 1832 Essay

To what extent had a middling class emerged in Britain by 1832 - Essay Example The nobility controlled political and economic power in Britain whilst the commoners formed the working class. The Industrial Revolution was however based on the potential to make wealth and control estates. Due to the possibility of commoners becoming successful in business or in industrial affairs, a significant proportion of members of this class became wealthy and developed a different social life. Gradually, the noble class accepted a distinct social class of commoners who were able to wield a lot of influence and could not be considered like the destitute paupers. This culminated in the Reform Bill of 1832 which recognised the middle class3. However, it is apparent that a lot of transformation occurred in the period prior to 1832, which ushered in the need to recognise the 'middle class' as a distinct social grouping in England. This paper will study the period circa 1780 to 1832 to ascertain the important elements and aspects of the emergence of the British middle class. This paper will establish a historiography of the British middle class and its beginnings. Fundamental Debates Basically, the British society before the mid-eighteenth century was mainly ran by the nobility who formed a top tier of the society4. This include people from noble births and this was in sync with the teachings of Medieval times that kings and nobles had the divine right to rule over communities. In examining the pre-Industrial revolution period, Carmadine goes further to trace the different classes back to the Civil War and Great Rebellion which ushered Britain from an era of serfdom to a period where things were shaped in a capitalist manner5. However, by the mid-1700s, the British isles was basically agrarian. And this allowed the aristocracy to maintain an oligopoly over matters in the country. Wealth was strongly connected to the distribution and control of land and this allowed the aristocracy to have a great dominion over the way things were done in Britain6. Then came the Industrial Revolution which transformed the economy significantly and had an effect on the way things were done. This caused the society to be based more on wealth and money rather than just an agrarian system which was tied to beliefs and acceptance of nobility. The discussion on the growth of the middle class in Britain is based on some important factors that can be examined in order to justify why the society changed. From research, it is identified that two fundamental schools of thoughts exist to explain why and how the middle class evolved in the late 1700s to take over from the status quo. The first idea is based on the premise that the middle class evolved as a challenge to the aristocracy that existed and held an oligopoly over things. Under this argument, it is said that there was the need to liberalize and recognize the middle class and this caused the changes that culminated in the Reform Bill of 1832. The second school of thought identified that the middle class evo lved directly from the wealthy industrialists who made the best of opportunities that came with urbanisation, industrialisation and the growth of capital through investments. This group became significantly powerful that they were able to rise up and effect changes. Due to this, the aristocracy had no choice but to recognise them. The Economic Evolutionary School of Thought. This school of thought identifies that the gradual economic strength that some members of the old proletariat society acquired after

Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe - Essay Example Yet, with the importance of their work and the need that it filled, it was most often relegated to a lower status and was maintained servile to the power structure that it served. Most women during this period worked in occupations that were done at or near the home. The need to maintain a family life often kept them oscillating between short periods of employment and the duties of motherhood. Out of convenience and necessity, a woman's choice of occupations was limited from birth. As Hanawalt observes, "The division of labor by sex was set early in a child's life" (8). A woman's dowry would be the initial contribution that women would make to the economy. It was most often used to set up the household, and then used to keep it running (Hanawalt 17). The tilling of soil was a solely male domain, while women became the bakers, cooks, tailors, and thread makers. This was done to support the home life and generate supplemental income. The brewing of ale, to be used in the home, was a typical example of a steady outside income, as was spinning thread (Hanawalt 11). While the woman's dowry and marriage became a pooled resource to support a family, slavery was an institution that supported the manors and generated a source of unskilled labor. Though oppressive, slavery was, as Sturad remarks, "... an acceptable alternative to for the organization of unskilled labor through the medieval period" (39). The slave system provided the labor for processing goods for export, as governesses, and wet nurses. Women were given special respect based on a complex system that was defined by skill and rank. Caring for children was a valued skill and the ability to provide breastmilk to newborns was economically rewarded. The system of slavery, while filling a societal need with efficiency, was overwhelmingly populated by women. In Ragusa during the years 1280-1284, the ranks of the slaves were as high as 90% female (Stuard 44). A woman's contribution to the economy was often hidden behind the most visible signs of commerce and the layers of male dominance. However, there were professions that enabled women to climb in status through occupational work. Nursing was especially valued. The 4 year apprenticeship required for nurses and the bonuses given to accept apprentices relate the importance that the beginning 16th century placed on the skill. The occupation was wide in scope demanding nurses to perform as back up medical assistants during plague epidemics (Weisner 105). While the occupations that were very gender specific were often rewarding for women, often women were excluded from the normal channels of commerce. The crafts were generally maintained as a male dominion as was membership in most guilds. Though not legally barred from entering crafts, a woman would most likely enter the field through her family's or husband's business. The same was true of the status gained by entering a trade, as it would be lower than the male membership. Where wealthier men had even greater dominance, such as Exeter, organizations were formed that effectively barred women's participation by excluding them from select groups. Markets and commerce were not banned by law, but the prejudice of tradition as Kowaleski observed, "...effectively blocked any real chance of commercial success" (155). Single women and wives could rarely escape the lower status granted to them unless they married into a status.

International Finance Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Finance Management - Term Paper Example Forward contracts however can not change hands and are contracts between two parties. Prevailing interest rates in the respective markets have a major impact on the increase or decrease of a contracts price. For example if the GBP/USD contract is on sale at CME, than an increase in the interest rates prevailing in the British economy would increase the contract price and those in the United States economy would decrease it. This is because there is a direct link between the price of value of a currency and interest rates. If for example interest rates are reduced money supply will increase in the economy. According to the economic laws of supply and demand, an increased supply would result in lower prices. Thus the futures expected price of currency would also decrease. Balance of trade is without doubt the most important factor that can affect the price of a currency. Balance of trade refers to the difference between what a country imports and exports. Also called the current account balance, it can only be offset if investors keep investing in dollar dominated assets. If a country gives a budget with a deficit, it can only fill up that deficit by borrowing money for the national or international market. The government will have to use up its currency reserves to pay off international debt and possibly print more money to pay of national debt; these will decrease the value of national currency. The stability of the government is also a huge factor in determining the increase or decrease of national currency value. This is because a stable government establishes stable policies; this stability reduces investor risk thus increasing currency value. These factors have huge impacts on Currency value. This is because the risk associated with the currency is high in war and the risk of default; on foreign payments also increase. In case of Natural disasters, the expenditure of the country increases on

U choose a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

U choose a topic - Essay Example Advantages and Disadvantages of Specialization in U.S Firms Specialization is incorporating workers to do specific roles and tasks in their daily activities in a business establishment (Morroni 45). This is done with the aim of realizing maximum output hence maximum profits. There are various merits that may accompany specialized job designs if incorporated by United States of America Firms. Specialization saves a lot of time for both the business establishment and the workers. An employee does not waste time because they do not keep moving from one task to another since they are used to one process. As an employee continues to work on one process, they learn to perform their tasks faster, hence saving a lot of time. Specialization is also advantageous since firm will spend less in training. For example, if Firms such as General Motors incorporate specialization employees will be used to performing specific tasks hence they will perfect their skill requiring no training. On disadvant age that might face United State of America firms in the automobile industry is that it results in increased cost for the firms. The firm has to employ many workers to carry out the various specific duties in the business establishment which will result in the firms incurring a lot of operation costs hence reducing their profits. Specialization may also lead to employee demotivation hence reducing the firm’s income. ... is a long chain of command, and as the company grows so does management while a flat organization structure is where there are few levels of management where every level of management controls a huge group of workers (Jain p29). A tradition United States of America firm usually employs the tall organization structure. By analyzing the organization structure of automobile firms such as General Motors, one can see how traditional united States of America firm use tall organization structure. Management in such firms is designed in a way that there is a lot of hierarchies like in the military. There is superior management, which runs down vertically depending on the size of the firm. Characteristics that accompany this structure is that there is minimal relationship between the management of the firm and its workers. This causes problems in the company since employees are not able to relate freely with their supervisors. On the other hand, flat organization structure is applied in Japan ese firms. For example, Honda has put up a plant in Ohio U.S.A where t use non traditional methods of management where employees are allowed to question their managers or supervisors during their daily operations in the firm (384). This organization structure is beneficial to such companies since it allows for innovation since employees are free to do what is best for the company. This model allows for employee motivation of employees since they feel they are part of the organization since they relate to managers and supervisors as team leaders hence they do not have the fear that comes with a management style that represents authority. Culture and Relationship Coordination Japanese firms such as Toyota use relationship and relationship as a coordination mechanism to ensure that the firm

The Process of Writing and Editing Papers Research Proposal

The Process of Writing and Editing Papers - Research Proposal Example Information should be focused and it should be written down from your own reasoning power so that you can be able to make a point from which you will develop your thesis statement. A thesis statement will show that your essay has a purpose as it is usually the main idea that you will convey in your writing. It should be clear, focused and more in line with the topic of the essay. When writing the main body of the essay, define the keywords by describing what they are, compare the words and also give relevant examples. You should also describe the causes of the facts and explain why the causes have led to effects. Use evidence to support the facts that you have written down and the evidence can be from statistics or recent research. For you to be able to develop a professional paper, research your essay topic from different sources and this can be from the internet or from textbooks that contain relevant information. You can also get more ideas by interviewing your classmates as this will give you more ideas from their point of view. After writing your paper, make sure you revise the essay for its content and organization to ensure that ideas are flowing and that they are relevant to the main subject topic. Edit and proofread your work to eliminate grammar and spelling mistakes. When going through your work, concentrate on making it clear and make sure that it signals the relationship of the different parts in the essay. The process of editing papers ensures that your essay is effective. Editing an essay is the final step that is required in paper writing. Analyze your sentences to make sure that they clear, concise and that they contain active and strong verbs. Each word that you have used in your essay should suit the purpose of writing.  

Computer Uses Essay Example for Free

Computer Uses Essay Today’s technology has changed the view of world. Among them computers are one of the best creations of the technology. Computers are the best closer look of new era’s technology. Computers are very useful in our routine life as a source of entertainment, as a medium of education and as a one way of business. First, Computers play a role of entertainer in our life. We can play a game on the computer. We can also download and upload games from the internet or from the game DVD. We can also enjoy music and movies too. For example, If you want to see movies, you can see it online through internet or you can see movie on DVD. Same way, if you like to listen music, you can upload songs from the CD or you get songs from online from the particular music sites. There are so many sites available on the internet like youtube.com, videoshare.com for the movies and video songs. This way we can get relaxation by using computers. Second is as a source of an education. Computers are the best companion for the students. Computer has many kind of services which can be helpful for the students for instance microsoft word, power point, HTML, java, etc. We can use microsoft word for writing purpose, we can use power point to make slide shows. Moreover, there are so many study sites available for online tutoring. It is really a very easy and cheap way for the study. You can find your any type of study related question to study online. In short, computers make study easy and interesting. Last but not least use of computer is as a medium of e-commerce. Today in our busy world people avoid to waste time for their shopping. Now a day consumers like to buy and sell their stuff online. Best example of online shopping is e-bay. On this particular site you get all necessary things like books, electric and electronic items, clothes etc. Moreover from e-bay, you can sell stuff too. I particularly love this site.

Panic Attack Treatment Case Study

Panic Attack Treatment Case Study Angela L. Jenkins Final Project Assessment reports are measurement tools that fit comfortably into a variety of settings. It is a necessity that all counselors utilize assessment. Assessment is a vital part of the counseling experience and should be used with every client in a formal or informal manner. The counselor should have certain skills to ensure the usefulness and correctness of assessment. Sometimes major events in a client’s life can cause assessments to be revamped, or can highlight the importance of assessments. A comprehensive report regarding Jadine Marie Sawyer’s referral reflects the need of accurate and competent application of assessments. Through careful organization of data information about the client is revealed through the use of the referral, assessments, goals and validity of the assessments. Recommendations are given as a result of the assessment outcomes and conclusions. Name of Person being assessed: Jadine Date of birth: 9-1-94 Date(s) of testing: 4-2011, 2-11-2012, 3-22-2012, 12-11-2012, 11-13-2014 Chronological age (years, months): 20 years, 2 months Reason for referral Jadine, a 20-year-old Caucasian female, was referred because of a panic attack in her math class in which it took her approximately 30 minutes to catch her breath. The experience was such that she never wants go through that again and avoids circumstances where it could possible happen. She was horrified and embarrassed by the situation. Jadine needs assistance with determining her future goals. She was at a loss describing what she wanted because her mind is so preoccupied with her daughter, being a student, and an employee that she has not considered her future. She planned on joining the military but her boyfriend is going into the Marines and she does not want her daughter to be separated from both of them. She wants to do what is best for her daughter and it is causing physical and mental ailments because she does not know how she is going to manage. The nature of the referral and the goals of the assessment Jadine had a panic attack last month which resulted in her math teacher referring her to the counseling center. She wants to take good care of her daughter and be able to provide for her needs. These concerns are weighing on her mind so heavily that they are causing her physical as well as mental issues. She also has added stress because her boyfriend is leaving for the Marines and she wants to find a way to keep their daughter in contact with her father. Jadine wants to secure her future by making sure she can provide for her daughter and not abandon her. She wants to find a happy medium between school, work, and family life that will not cause her stress. Jadine needs to discuss and clarify her interests. Understanding her assessments can help identify a career focus and begin a journey to career planning and exploration. The Brief Mood Survey can be used to assess her suicidal tendencies, her satisfaction with her relationship, anger and her anxiety level. This will help to determine the most significant areas of concern as far as her mental health and help to determine treatment planning. The MBTI measures interests, abilities, and those results can help her create a rewarding career. It also will give her better direction as far as work activities, educational programs, and enjoying down time. She will make decisions that will benefit her now and throughout her life. The ACT will show Jadine options as far as college and help her select a degree program she would like to enroll in. The Strong Basic Interest Scales represent specific interest areas that often point to work activities, projects, coursework, and leisure activities that could be personally motivating and rewarding to Jadine. Her interest levels can be used to examine interest’s areas evident in her work and lifestyle and can stimulate discussion on how she might be able to incorporate others into her plan. The questions on the Aptitude and Interest Inventories are intended to reveal in what way you think, not what you know. This therefore helps to create a more enjoyable work, home and leisure time experience. Evaluation instruments and methods American College Testing (ACT) –The ACT is a standardized test for high school achievement and college admissions. Brief Mood Survey (BMS) The BMS includes accurate scales that measure depression severity, suicidal impulses, anxiety, anger, relationship difficulties, and positive feelings such as joy, self-esteem, and productivity. The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a psychometric questionnaire intended to measure psychological preferences in how individuals see the world and make decisions. The Strong Interest Inventory (SII) is a test that uses scales to assess and match individual’s interests with potential educational, career, and leisure activities, using preferences in a variety of areas. Aptitude and Interest Inventories assesses an individual’s likes and dislikes for a variety of activities, objects, and types of persons. Brief description of the person Jadine is a single 18 year old Caucasian, female who has a hard time making friends. She is a high school graduate with a daughter named Sierra. She resides at 239 Cooper Lane, Callia, FL 34567. While she was in school she finished two college courses along with her regular classes. She graduated with honors and was 36th in her class of 626 students. Jadine is not sure what to do now that she has graduated. She has a very supportive family who means the world to her and does not know what she will so without them. Background information Initially it was suggested to Jadine to enter therapy because of a panic attack. She was anxious and nervous because her boyfriend enlisted and she was having difficulties financially. She was very concerned because she did not know how she was going to be able to take care of her daughter. Not only was she concerned about her daughter financially but physically as she entered school and found a job. Who would take of her? These concerns created mental and physical issues. Jadine’s family is very supportive. She worked in a daycare that her mom. Her mom, grandmother and Marcs (her boyfriend) mother help out with Sierra when they can. She cannot imagine life without her family. Behavioral observations Jadine is well put together when it comes to her appearance. She has a hard time concentrating and did not make much eye contact. The fact that she often folded her arms and crossed her legs displays that she is closed off and has trouble letting others in. She is guarded with a normal thought process. Thoughts that she expressed were not abstract. Jadine looked tired and thin. She seemed restless, shy, nervous, and unable to relax. She is a very nice person who is self-aware Validity statement The Strong aids in Career development—helps intensify a persons’ self-awareness and provide profound understanding of individual strengths and blind spots, including work style and risk-taking orientation. This is perfect for Jadine. The ACT Helps people achieve education and workplace success. The Brief Mood Survey was compared to such assessments as the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories as well as the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales. It was found that it correlates highly with them. So, the Brief Mood Survey is valid for assessing Jadine’s mood and anxiety levels. The instrument is a powerful tool that can help make decisions about career and education. It does not matter whether you are just beginning your career, making a change, or thinking about education options for career preparation, you can benefit from the information in your results. You can identify a career focus and begin your career planning. The instrument measures interests and can help guide you toward careers, work activities, education programs, and leisure activities. Jadine stated that she wanted to makes changes in all that this instrument measures. She wants to find a job that will support her and her daughter. She also wants to pick a school and major where she can do well. The MBTI measures interests, abilities, and those results can help her create a rewarding career. Reported reliability for the MBTI ranges from 65% to above 90%. Validity coefficients with similar subtests of the General Aptitude and Interest Battery range from .60 to .80. Median alpha reliabilities range from .70 to .91. Assessment results The ACT shows that Jadine would do well in her first year English and reading. She has a 50% chance of earning a B or higher, or about a 75% chance of earning a C or higher in first year college courses related to English and reading. Her writing score indicates writing to be one of her strengths. Jadine demonstrated evaluation skills, solid support for her points, varied sentence structure, and well selected wording on her essay. Her scores were: Composite Score 21, English 24, Mathematics 19, Reading 23, Science 18, Combined English/Writing 25, and writing subscale (score range 2-12) 10. On the Strong Jadine’s top five interests areas include religion and spirituality; counseling and helping; and teaching and education. The Basic Interest Scales represent specific interest areas that often point to work activities, projects, coursework, and leisure activities that could be personally motivating and rewarding. Jadine’s interest levels (Very Little, Little, Moderate, High, Very High) can be used to examine interests areas evident in her work and lifestyle and can stimulate discussion on how she might be able to incorporate others into her plan such as her daughter. The Brief Mood Survey assess mood in various categories. Jadine’s results were depression and anger were scores of 7 which means they are in the mild range and there is no need for alarm just yet. Jadine scored a 0 for suicidal ideation. She also stated that she was not suicidal on the intake questionnaire. Her score of 18 on relationship satisfaction was neutral while her score of 23 for anxiety was extreme. This needs to be addressed right away. These results were very accurate as far as Jadine is concerned. Summary of assessment results and conclusions Jadines MBTI results showed that her highest themes were social and artistic. These themes describe peoples personalities and environments they work in. People who have high scores in these areas enjoy close, personal connections and using creativity to make a difference in the lives’ of others. Jadine is a collaborative helper who will be appreciated for her ability to encourage others to talk about their ideas, get others to agree on decisions, aid in creating structure and organization and making sure projects are completed. Some of the jobs that she would do well in are speech pathologist, special education teacher, elementary school teacher, and social worker. Recommendations I would recommend that Jadine continue counseling because now she has learned some things about herself and has some direction. She needs to use what she has learned and discuss actions she has taken. Her mental and physical concerns regarding her challenges need to be readdressed. Further assessing is need to help her to really narrow down job choices and I would recommend that so that she can really decide on a job that will fit her comfort level with others until she learns to make friends more easily. Jadine might also consider regular counseling to determine her treatment progress. By measuring Jadine’s symptomology it will indicate whether the current interventions are facilitating growth. _____________________________ Signature and credentials Conclusion Jadine was referred by her math teacher because of a panic attack. She was feeling uncertain of her future especially in regards to her daughter. She did not know how she was going to take care of her financially or physically. Her boyfriend was leaving for the Marines. These circumstances caused her physical and emotional distress. Jadine needed help with decisions for her future, college, work and her physical and emotional distress. She took the ACT, The Strong Interest Inventory, The Brief Mood Survey, The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator and Aptitude and Interest Inventories. These assessments provided her with some needed direction. I recommended that she continue counseling so she can discuss the progress she has made, how she is dealing with changes in her life and to if interventions have helped with her distress. These assessments have been very beneficial in that they help individuals learn about themselves in ways that will give direction to degree choice, job contentment, career, relationships and even leisure time satisfaction. Assessments are vital tools because they can determine exactly where a client is mentally, physically and emotionally. Careful consideration needs to be taken when deciding what assessment should be used. They should be used with each client in future counseling endeavors.

The performance of The Galley restaurant

The performance of The Galley restaurant The Galley is a restaurant which is a part of the large international shipping company which used to cater food to the company employees. The restaurant was in a cafeteria style with 150 seats and was located on the top floor. Due to a rise in the international market the Galley reduced in size. In the year 2003 the restaurant merged with the Lunchbox Ltd. The area around the building went under a huge change, new technology, new restaurants with new concepts, quite a large number of offices and a pub which gave a tough competition to the Galley to survive in that area.( Galley case study). The report contains a SWOT analysis and some theory on managing change successful in an organization. Since the area has gone under rapid change so it was necessary to conduct a SWOT analysis to find out the organizations factors that match to the surrounding area. It also provides information which is helpful in matching the resources and capabilities in the competitive environment to know where it stands. SWOT analysis is done to make some strategies for the business. Strength and weakness are internal to a company. Each and every organization should find out its strengths and weakness to become successful in achieving the goals of the organizations. Resources can be tangible and non-tangible, human and non-human. Threat and opportunity are external to any organization. Any organization to become successful and to survive in the market should know its surrounding area. Strengths are its employees, brand name of the company, any unique selling proportion etc. weakness include outdated resources, human resource gets older etc. Opportunities inc- lude any growth in the business and threats include competitors and active participation of trade union. The aim of SWOT analysis is to make a clear picture about where the organization stands. (Bhat and kumar, 2009). Kirkpatrick has suggested that element like Empathy, communication and participation are successful in managing a cha nge in any organization. After the market condition is known then specific steps should be taken to manage change in an organization. The organization should prepare itself to adapt the change in the surrounding. If a change is planned it shows that the organization is trying to improve its operation ways so as to survive in the competition. (Mullins, 2005).The report contains detailed information about the SWOT analysis and change management. SWOT ANALYSIS: A SWOT analysis is an analytical tool which is used in the business to assist in assessing a business in relation to other competitive business. It is a quick way to look at the current environment as well as what the future may hold. (Hall, 2003, pg-92) 2.1.1 STRENGTH(S) The galley has the following strengths. 2.1.2 INFRASTRUCTURE: The Galley Cafeteria is a 150 seat cafeteria and is located on the top floor of an eight storey office block. The view from the top can be very useful for attracting customers and can also act as a unique selling proportion. 2.1.3 EXPERIENCED STAFF: In this cafeteria 20 employees have been working since 1970s and are experienced and have emotion attached to the organization. The employees know the type of customers come and also know about the area. 2.1.4 EXPERIENCED MANAGER: Jean Porter was an experienced caterer who had previously worked and managed other outlets of lunchbox. Jean had a proper knowledge about the companys objectives and hence use the experience to maximize profits and minimize the loss. 2.1.5 BRANDNAME/GOODWILL OF LUNCHBOX: A brand is a term, name, sign, symbol, design or a combination that identifies a companys product from its competitors. The brand of Lunchbox can be used to make the Galley unique and attract customers as the area had gone under rapid change. 2.1.6 LOYALTY OF STAFF: The Galley had merged with the Lunchbox in the year 2003. The employees accepted the change and still were working with the organization. 2.1.7 STILL GAINING PROFITS: The area around the building had gone under a vast change with new restaurants, new technologies but the Galley had a few old customers who used to come. WEAKNESS (s) The Galley has the following weakness. 3.1.1 SCARCITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES: The area had a gone under rapid change and the Galley has been operating since 1970s so there are chances of outdated resources and no proper training given to the employees to cope up with the change. 3.1.2 LACK OF LEADERSHIP QUALITY: Jean was not able to motivate the employees to adopt the change. Jean tried to force orders rather than planning some strategies to make them a feel a sense of ownership for the company. Team work and co-ordination was missing which lead to conflict between the employees and the manager. 3.1.3 SUBSIDISED MEAL IN THE GALLEY: The area had gone under rapid change with new restaurants, new technologies and new cuisines. The galley had a very few range of dishes which lead to decrease in customers. 3.1.4 RESISTANCE TO CHANGE: When Jean joined the company she introduced a wider range of dishes. The staff did not accept the changes and did not listen to Jean as she was 10 years younger. 3.1.5 PRESSURE FROM NEW OWNERS: The owner and the manager tried to force their ideas on the employees. Jean abolished the half an hour morning coffee, smoking break which annoyed the staff. 4. OPPORTUNITY: The galley has the following opportunities: 4.1.1 DEVELOPMENT IN THE LOCAL AREA: The area around the building has gone under rapid change with offices, restaurants, cinema and a pub. There are chances of increased marketing condition. Proper strategies and advertisements are done then more customers can be attracted. 4.1.2 DIVERSIFICATION: Galley can make plans to increase its outlets. New products can be introduced with new varieties and modify its service operations. 4.1.3 TIE-UP WITH MULTIPLEX: Galley can take contracts from the multiplex and can open up a food court where they can sell their products and at the same time they can promote their restaurants and thus can increase their customers. 5. THREAT (s): 5.1.1 GLOBALISATION AND FIERCE WORLD COMPETITION: The area around the building has gone under rapid change. New restaurants have opened up with new strategies and varieties in dishes. 5.1.2 INVOLVEMENT OF TRADE UNION: Trade union plays an important role in any organization. The trade Union has legal powers to shut down the company if the employees are not happy. 5.1.3 CUT-OFF IN WAGES: The employees did not respond to the managers orders so the management decided to cut down the wages by 5% as a result there are chances of high turnover of employees. Thus a SWOT is a systematic identification to find out the companys position in the market. Strengths are matched with opportunity to convert the weakness into strengths and threats into opportunity.( Stapleton and Thomas,1998).Change management is done to retain this position and still gain profits and minimize the loss incurred. 6. Change Management has been defined as the process of continually renewing an organizations direction, structure and capabilities to serve the ever changing needs of external and internal customers. (Moran and Brightman, 2001: 111 as cited in Todnem{2005} ). Change may originate from outside or inside the organization. In order to promote or adopt the change the organization should define the origin of change and the need to change to its employees. (Mullins, 2005). Change is a pervasive influence. We are all subject to continual change of one form or another. Change is an inescapable part of both social and organisational life (Mullins, 2005, pg-909). Kirkpatrick has suggested that Empathy is the first key to anticipate the feelings and reactions of the employees towards a change. Communication is the second key to communicate clearly with all the employees affected by the change. Participation is the third key to make the employees involved and generate ideas for the change. (Kirkpatrick, 2001) 7. EMPATHY: Empathy is about putting oneself in the conditions of other person and looking into things from their point of view. Manager should try to find out the reason for their resistance. The author mentions that may be the employees feel threatened and disoriented by the challenge of change. (Kirkpatrick, 2008).Managers should have the skill to anticipate the point of view and emotions behind the resistance. It is the ability to understand others perspective in a neutral way and understand their emotions and give weight to their concern and ideas. (Cook, Macaulay and Coldicott, 2004).Managers should take initiative to make a change effective. Usually employees are emotionally attached to the organization and hence feel afraid to accept the change and hence adopt a negative attitude. (Mullins, 2005).Supervisors should think beyond their positions and analyse the change from an employees perspective. An empathetic manager can encourage and increase the sense of ownership among them and it ca n also act as a tool for motivation and leadership. (Pugh, 2007). Managers should analyse from employees view point and this can be done by anticipating the advantages and disadvantages according to them. (Kavanaugh and Ninemeier, 1995). Jean Porter in the Galley Cafeteria tried to force decisions on the employees she did not try to look at the things from the employees point of view and hence could not create a sense of ownership towards the organization. The employees did not respond to her decisions as she was ten years younger and hence their was ego problem. Jean should have tried to bridge the age gap between them. Employees also became hostile towards her as she forced some rules on them. As mentioned above Kirkpatrick and some other authors mentioned that Jean should come down her position and think from the staffs view. The employees working did not adopt the change as Jean did not discuss about the cause of change in the organization and did not show concern to their views. 7.1.1 COMMUNICATION: Communication is a skill or ability to negotiate for mutual benefits of the parties involved. Good communication helps to share thoughts and ideas and helps in social negotiation. (Kirkpatrick, Duck and Foley, 2006). Communication is a two way process in which one listens and the other gives feedback. To implement a change proper communication should be there between the employees and the management. (Daft, 1988).Formal and informal communication helps to convey 80% of the information to the employees. Grapevine is a network of informal communication and helps to translate the managements formal messages to employees language. (Bhatt and Kumar, 2009). Management should clearly discuss about the change with the employees. One to one communication, group discussion and debates are the mediums through which information from the owner to the employees are passed. (Robbins and Sanghi, 2006). Supervisor should delegate their work to the subordinates through proper communication. It is very essential that supervisor should communicate properly to implement a change. (Miller, Walker and Drummond, 2007). Poor communication act as a key driver of negative feelings and conflict among the employees. (Tony and Doukakis, 2003). Communication is an important factor in the process of implementing a change because it is used as a tool for discussing and making people understand about the positive and negative aspects of change. (Spike and Lesser, 1995 as cited in Kitchen and Daly {2002}). Jean should act as a medium of communication between the owner and the employees. She did not explain the companys aims and objectives to the employees. Employees did not understand about the change and hence were not flexible as a result it led to conflict between the employees and organization. Organizations that effectively communicate their purpose, information about products and their services to the employees are more successful. 7.1.2 PARTICIPATION: Employees input and ideas should be used to develop and select alternatives as the work of implementation will be easier. Employees who are involved in the decision making process will accept the change. (Kavanaugh, and Ninemeier, 1995). Participation is basically creating opportunities under suitable conditions for the employees to take part in the decision process where the subordinates get control over freedom of choice with respect to his own duties. (McGregor as cited in Banerjee, 1994). Prior to implement a change staff should take part in the decision process as it is very difficult for the staffs to resist a change decision which they have participated. It will also increase commitment towards the organization. (Robbins and Sanghi, 2006).Manager should ask the employees to cooperate and take part in the decision process. Staff would take initiatives and generate ideas and concern to accept the change. (Mullins, 2005). Participation benefits both the organization and the staff . Specific programs like discussions or training can be done to involve the staff to generate their views. Participation contributes to the quality of change and increases the acceptance for those who implement the change. (Kirkpatrick, 2001). Encourage employees to introduce ideas without any fear. Encourage the participation of employees in the use of quality management process of the company. (Tony and Doukakis, 2003). Worker responds positively to change if their responsibilities are increased. Encourage active participation and ask the employees to contribute express their ideas freely. (Walton, 1985 as cited in Obrien {2002}). Manager should be honest and open minded and should be able to build trust among the employees for the organization. (Judson, 1991 as cited in OBrien {2002}). Records show that direct employee participation within the company leads to motivation and trust. In direct participation employees are concerned about the working environment, employee turnover, recruitment and wages but in current scenario records show employees are more interested in the development of the business and achieving goals. (Geary and Sisson, 1994 as cited in Shapiro{2000}) Jean did not involve the employees in the decision making process which lead to lack of co-operation and co-ordination. She did not discuss about the aims and objectives with the employees and hence they resisted the change. Jean should recognize the importance of motivation and encourage the staff to contribute in the improvement process 8. CONCLUSION: The SWOT analysis gave a clear picture about the Galley where it stands in the market. The analysis showed that what the company is good at or bad at and also shows steps how to maximize the profits and minimize the loss. SWOT analysis and change management are done to help every organization to adapt to new circumstances, to take part in the competition in the surrounding area and also to improve product and services. Employees are known as the internal customers or internal market of an organization. Employees should be informed about the organizations mission and vision. Manager should keep a notice that the channels of communication work properly in order to keep the internal market up-to-date about the external market. Special motivation programs should be introduced to meet competition. Managers should understand employees capabilities and use some communication techniques like newspaper and videos to provide latest trends in market. Manager should take initiatives to teach emp loyees the necessity in doing things than only asking them to complete. Employees can be motivated through rewards and incentives to provide excellent service. (Tony and Doukakis, 2003).Empathy, communication and participation are the important skills for the successful management of change. Jean should have understood the staffs mentality towards the change and then discussed with them or inform them about the change and finally asked them to generate ideas during decision making process and give weight to their concern. Kirkpatrick as well as some well known authors have mentioned above the idea or concept to be followed to overcome the change. When Jean the company she should have done through reading about the Galley. Jean did not try to change the weakness and threats to strength and opportunities. If the internal customers (staff) are happy then the external customers will be happy.

Gatsby Summary :: essays papers

Gatsby Summary Jay Gatsby is one of the most interesting and memorable males in fictional literature, even though he is not a dynamic and changing character during the novel. In fact, Jay Gatsby has changed little since he was a teenager. Born as James Gatz to poor farmers in North Dakota, he decided at an early age that he wanted more out of life than North Dakota could offer. He leaves home to find excitement and wealth. While lounging on the beach one day, he sees a yacht docked off the coast. He borrows a boat and rows out to introduce himself to the owner of the yacht. Dan Cody is an extremely wealthy and wildly extravagant man. He takes a liking to young James Gatz and offers him a job. When the boy boards the boat to become Cody's assistant and protector, he leaves behind the identity of James Gatz forever; the rest of his life he will be known as Jay Gatsby, an incurable and idealistic romantic who fills his life with dreams. After Cody dies, Gatsby joins the army and is stationed in Louisville, Kentucky, where he meets and falls in love with Daisy Fay, the most popular and wealthy young lady in town. She is also attracted to him and even thinks about marrying him and running away, but her parents stop her plans. When Gatsby is sent to Europe to fight the war, Daisy is faithful to him for a short while. She soon, however, tires of waiting for Gatsby and marries Tom Buchanan. When Gatsby receives her final letter, explaining her plans, he is crushed; he vows he will dedicate the rest of his life to winning Daisy back for himself. He is sure that if he amasses a large enough fortune, he will be able to manipulate time, erasing Daisy's marriage and fixing her future with him. Gatsby comes to the East Coast and makes a fortune in bootlegging and other questionable business activities due to the help of characters such as Meyer Wolfsheim. He buys an ostentatious mansion on West Egg, in order to be directly across the bay from Daisy Buchanan. He gives his wild, extravagant parties and drives his flashy automobiles in hopes of attracting Daisy's attention. She has become his reason for being - his holy grail.

Cassio, the Lieutenant, in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Cassio, the Lieutenant, in Othello  Ã‚     Ã‚   Michael Cassio, the lieutenant who supposedly stole away Iago’s coveted promotion in Shakespeare’s Othello, is a strange sort of character. He shows great appreciation of other people; he is radiant with truth and honor; and yet he patronizes a prostitute, Bianca. This essay will delve into the character of Cassio.    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants comments on the character of Cassio:    In a casual reading of Othello, it may seem that the character of Cassio is not sufficiently well drawn, because, for reasons connected with his portrayal of Iago, Shakespeare delays the full characterization of Cassio until almost the end of the play. However, we have a number of brief revelations of his personality that mark him distinctly – in his genuine anxiety for Othello’s safety, in his abstaining from taking part in the bold and suggestive comments of Iago to the two women as they wait for Othello’s ship and, a little later, in his sincere regret about the loss of his reputation after he has partaken of the wine which Iago has forced upon him. (85-86)    Cassio makes his first appearance in the play in Act 1 Scene 2, when he is conducting the official business of the duke of Venice, namely the request of the â€Å"haste-post-haste appearance / Even on the instant† of the general because of the Ottoman threat on Cyprus. Brabantio’s mob briefly delays matters, and then Cassio disappears from the stage until Act 2. He disembarks in Cyprus and graciously announces: â€Å"Thanks, you the valiant of this warlike isle, / That so approve the Moor!† After chatting with Montano and other gentlemen of the isle, he welcomes Desdemona, â€Å"our great captain’s captain,† ashore: â€Å"The ric... ...s corpse produces a letter which â€Å"imports the death of Cassio to be undertook / By Roderigo† – another emotional revelation for Michael Cassio. Finally, the ultimate emotional blow to the ex-officer comes when Othello stabs himself and dies: â€Å"This did I fear, but thought he had no weapon; / For he was great of heart.†    As â€Å"lord governor† of the island of Cyprus now, Michael Cassio has charge of the â€Å"censure of this hellish villain, / The time, the place, the torture.† Lodovico appeals to Cassio to let his justice, not his mercy prevail: â€Å"O, enforce it!†    WORKS CITED    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Coles, Blanche. Shakespeare’s Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire: Richard Smith Publisher, 1957.   

Counseling Case Study

It is imperative for every school counselor to consider the diversity present in a multicultural setting of the students before the school counselors engage in their practice. In this paper, the focus would be on answering the series of questions regarding the presentation of an ideal, therapeutic, and ethical counseling session between therapist and client relationship: First, â€Å"who is the person to be consulted prior the presentation of such kind of therapeutic session?Second, What would people learn from the implementation of the cultural ethnic theories which would be beneficial for the multicultural societies in U. S.? Third, what are the cultural factors that need to be taken into consideration in working or counseling with Hispanic families? ; and lastly, What are the suggestions and recommendations at hand for the school counselors in dealing with both the teachers and the families of students in the U. S.? (Corey, 2001, p. 50). Body Who is the person to consult for the presentation prior to such kind of therapeutic session? Foremost, the person who is to be consulted prior the presentation of a strategic therapeutic relationship is the client to gain from the session.The client or student should be debriefed by the school counselor in order to discuss desired goals for the therapy and counseling. Moreover, it is also required for a counselor to understand the relationship of the client in family, and in the multicultural setting where the individual belongs; it is to determine the characteristics of the culture and subcultures present, and how it plays a factor in developing the people and the institutions under it (Sue, Ivey, Pedersen, 1996).What would people learn from the implementation of the cultural ethnic theories? Clients in the counseling process would benefit from the implemented cultural ethnic theories. Internalization of such desired and acquired behaviors from the therapeutic process would be the goal of every counselor for their cli ents. Furthermore, the school counselors should be able to develop effective techniques on how to gain and acquire behaviors and attitudes that are similar to the desired behaviors of a specific culture (Sue & Sue, 1999; Pedersen, 2000).What are the cultural factors that are necessary in working with Hispanic families? Cultural factors have to be considered in working with Hispanic families. Some of these cultural factors in the Hispanic family include the following: their ways of verbal and non-verbal communication, generalized beliefs of the Hispanic culture, family systems, political, educational, and social principles which serve as institutions and foundations that influence the intrinsic values of individuals in the Hispanic family.The challenge of being â€Å"multicultural† is posed to the counselors in order for them to gain the trust and increase their rapport in their client in the counseling process (Freedman, 1999). What are the recommendations at hand for the sch ool counselors in dealing with both the teachers and the families of students in the U. S.? To sum it all up, school counselors must be flexible and increase one’s insight to consider cultural diversities, ethnicity, language and race in the family and educational setting of Hispanic students residing in U. S (Clemente & Collison, 2000).Moreover, this calls for recommendation that there should be provision of more intensive training for school counselors to increase their awareness and avoid their own issues of stereotypes among clients who are culturally different from them. Furthermore, the case of the twin Hispanic boys maltreated by the Mexican should be put into account for the counselors to research more about their client’s cultural background so they may be careful in treating their clients to avoid misunderstanding and increase the tendency for an effective counseling process(ASCA, 2006). References American School Counselor Association. (2006). Culturally res ponsive school counseling for Hispanic/Latino students and families: the need for bilingual school counselors. Retrieved November 18, 2008, from http://www. thefreelibrary. com/Culturally+responsive+school+counseling+for+Hispanic%2FLatino+students†¦ -a0153359897 Clemente, R. , & Collison, B. B. (2000). The relationship among counselors, ESL teachers, and students. Professional School Counseling, 3, 339-349. Corey, G. (2001). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy.SG: Wadsworth. Freedman, K. F. (1999). Multicultural Counseling. Retrieved November 18, 2008, from http://www. alaska. net/~fken/Multiculture. htm Sue, D. W. , Ivey, A. E. , Pedersen, P. (1996). A theory of multicultural counseling and therapy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Sue, D. W. , & Sue, D. (1999). Counseling the culturally different: Theory and practice. (3rd ed. ). New York: Wiley. Pedersen, P. (2000). A handbook for developing multicultural awareness. (3rd ed. ). Alexandria, VA: American Counsel ing Association. Counseling Case Study It is imperative for every school counselor to consider the diversity present in a multicultural setting of the students before the school counselors engage in their practice. In this paper, the focus would be on answering the series of questions regarding the presentation of an ideal, therapeutic, and ethical counseling session between therapist and client relationship: First, â€Å"who is the person to be consulted prior the presentation of such kind of therapeutic session?Second, What would people learn from the implementation of the cultural ethnic theories which would be beneficial for the multicultural societies in U. S.? ; Third, what are the cultural factors that need to be taken into consideration in working or counseling with Hispanic families? ; and lastly, What are the suggestions and recommendations at hand for the school counselors in dealing with both the teachers and the families of students in the U. S.? (Corey, 2001, p. 50). Body Who is the person to consult for th e presentation prior to such kind of therapeutic session? Foremost, the person who is to be consulted prior the presentation of a strategic therapeutic relationship is the client to gain from the session.The client or student should be debriefed by the school counselor in order to discuss desired goals for the therapy and counseling. Moreover, it is also required for a counselor to understand the relationship of the client in family, and in the multicultural setting where the individual belongs; it is to determine the characteristics of the culture and subcultures present, and how it plays a factor in developing the people and the institutions under it (Sue, Ivey, Pedersen, 1996).What would people learn from the implementation of the cultural ethnic theories? Clients in the counseling process would benefit from the implemented cultural ethnic theories. Internalization of such desired and acquired behaviors from the therapeutic process would be the goal of every counselor for their c lients. Furthermore, the school counselors should be able to develop effective techniques on how to gain and acquire behaviors and attitudes that are similar to the desired behaviors of a specific culture (Sue & Sue, 1999; Pedersen, 2000).What are the cultural factors that are necessary in working with Hispanic families? Cultural factors have to be considered in working with Hispanic families. Some of these cultural factors in the Hispanic family include the following: their ways of verbal and non-verbal communication, generalized beliefs of the Hispanic culture, family systems, political, educational, and social principles which serve as institutions and foundations that influence the intrinsic values of individuals in the Hispanic family.The challenge of being â€Å"multicultural† is posed to the counselors in order for them to gain the trust and increase their rapport in their client in the counseling process (Freedman, 1999). What are the recommendations at hand for the s chool counselors in dealing with both the teachers and the families of students in the U. S.? To sum it all up, school counselors must be flexible and increase one’s insight to consider cultural diversities, ethnicity, language and race in the family and educational setting of Hispanic students residing in U. S (Clemente & Collison, 2000).Moreover, this calls for recommendation that there should be provision of more intensive training for school counselors to increase their awareness and avoid their own issues of stereotypes among clients who are culturally different from them. Furthermore, the case of the twin Hispanic boys maltreated by the Mexican should be put into account for the counselors to research more about their client’s cultural background so they may be careful in treating their clients to avoid misunderstanding and increase the tendency for an effective counseling process(ASCA, 2006). References American School Counselor Association. (2006). Culturally r esponsive school counseling for Hispanic/Latino students and families: the need for bilingual school counselors. Retrieved November 18, 2008, from http://www. thefreelibrary. com/Culturally+responsive+school+counseling+for+Hispanic%2FLatino+students†¦ -a0153359897 Clemente, R. , & Collison, B. B. (2000). The relationship among counselors, ESL teachers, and students. Professional School Counseling, 3, 339-349. Corey, G. (2001). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy.SG: Wadsworth. Freedman, K. F. (1999). Multicultural Counseling. Retrieved November 18, 2008, from http://www. alaska. net/~fken/Multiculture. htm Sue, D. W. , Ivey, A. E. , Pedersen, P. (1996). A theory of multicultural counseling and therapy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Sue, D. W. , & Sue, D. (1999). Counseling the culturally different: Theory and practice. (3rd ed. ). New York: Wiley. Pedersen, P. (2000). A handbook for developing multicultural awareness. (3rd ed. ). Alexandria, VA: American Couns eling Association. Counseling Case Study This paper is all about the discussion of prevalent child abuse occurring within the family. According to district counselors, the incident of frequent abuse among the children should be stopped by providing education and counseling session on corporal punishment and child abuse among the Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents in American societies. This paper then, focuses on the provision of proper education among the Hispanic families where corporal punishment and child abuse is increasingly rampant.The foci stresses on the things that the families have to learn regarding the avoidance of abuse and imparts some cultural factors and recommendations that has to be taken into consideration when dealing with Hispanic families. The aforementioned objectives of this paper were expected to be met by the district school counselors in every community. Counseling Case Study Introduction Corporal punishment and frequent spanking among children (which is commonly perceived to lead into child abuse ) is becoming increasingly rampant in Hispanic and non-Hispanic families.For the parents especially the Hispanic parents, who wish to discipline their children, resort to such sudden negative reinforcement in order to discipline their children. However, district counselors believe that frequent spanking which is a form of corporal punishment found that it does not lead to a favorable result among children in the long run. In so doing, the counselors investigated on the matter and they came up with devising other effective ways of disciplining children and counseling the parents as an alternate solution other than the negative punishment.Body I. Child Abuse within the Family A. Consultation prior the presentation of a need to alleviate child abuse In order for me to determine whether a case of child abuse occurred in a certain family, I need to consult fellow counselors or psychology colleagues to ask for their second opinion. There has to be a consensus and a social norm that has to followed regarding the decision whether child abuse has occurred or just mere corporal punishment.Practically speaking, corporal punishment occurs only when there is no â€Å"severe and intense punishment† was executed due to present emotional state of the parent which may be out of anger. B. Things to be learned regarding corporal punishment and child abuse Corporal punishment may be in the form of symbolic gestures of slapping or knuckling in the head (Graciano, 1994). Whereas, child abuse is explicitly the mark of left (physical, psychological, and emotional) damage in the children who received the severe and intense negative punishment from the parent/s.Occasional spanking and its frequency was found by many counselors to lead into the increase of frequency and intensity of the habit. This results to the unawareness of the parents that they are actually executing child abuse among their child or children. C. Cultural factors to put into account when working with Hispanic families Cultural factors needs to be taken into consideration when working with Hispanic families. As they are known to prioritize familism, they are more likely to induce harm to impose discipline among their children.Moreover, Hispanic families are found to be more likely to abuse their children due to the repressive state they are currently experiencing from anxiety in coping and adjusting within their culturally diverse society. II. Recommendations and Suggestions I would like to recommend to the school counselors that how to work with both teachers and families is to associate household like that of a manager leading his subordinates at work. Similarly, leaders, as counterparts of parents, should not practice negative reinforcement among their employees.Most likely, leaders are expected to promote positive attitude among their subordinates to increase the employees’ likelihood to perform their best at work. Same with the family, parents should positively reinforce the positive behavior of their children rather than negatively punishing them to decrease the tendency negative behavior among their children in the future (Holtzman et. al. ) References Graciano, (Initials). (1994) (Title). Holtzman, D. , Kruger, E. J. , & Srock, C. D. (year). Generational Diversity Scenarios in the For-Profit and Nonprofit Sectors. NJ: The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey.