Marketing Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising - Research Paper Example The advertising chooses about what to deliver and where to position and sell the item †which market section to provide food or how to separate the item from rivalry. Right recognizable proof of every one of these assignments legitimate way is of vital significance that in the end causes the association to flourish with consistently expanding deals. It will be generally suitable to investigate how the promoting capacity can change the tides in company’s favor so the organization is put on high direction of development with pounding benefits. Smith (2011) contends that a few aircrafts increment their expenses by 25 percent just to get extra 5 percent of the market. It simply doesn't bode well if gainfulness is one of the objectives. Southwest carriers proceeded with a technique of low valuing for more than 4 decades yet with an emphasis on track advertise and that idea consistently remained with the organization. In a short separation travel, Southwest Airlines recognized t he client needs as adaptable and effective travel, lesser time in loading up, ideal assistance and obviously, the reasonable cost. Southwest Airlines addressed with these issues of its clients by expelling suppers, no preselecting of seat, no top notch travel, no reserving through specialist. To put it plainly, it was a determination between fulfilling each client at significant expense or fulfilling a dominant part requiring little to no effort and the Southwest Airlines shrewdly chose to pick the last mentioned. Southwest proceeds with this way of thinking even today. It works with proficiency and with no additional ornamentations when contrasted and contenders. Requiring little to no effort, it despite everything makes benefit and keeps on developing. The Starbucks Coffee Company is one of the quickest developing association and worth referencing for its reasonable promoting systems; particularly, private companies can gain so much from the organization. Beginning with only one s tore around 30 years prior, as of now the organization possesses a great many outlets in the US and abroad with the complete income surpassing $4 billion. Starbucks doesn't place promotion in papers or a board or a banner. They center around item quality giving tasty taste and smell. Consumer loyalty has been their fundamental core value and with regards to that the organization has included more flavors in their serving, fast wire-less web ability in their outlets and wonderful condition. Their item and administrations represent themselves through verbal exposure disposing of any requirement for an elevated level promotion crusade. Apple Inc. is an exemplary instance of advancement and item improvement that solidly sets up the organization as generally looked for after in the commercial center so far its items are concerned. Macintosh came out with iPod, iTunes, iPhone and afterward the App Store. The iPod found the hole in MP3 player advertise and quickly filled the hole to get mo re than 70 percent piece of the pie; that is phenomenal in the history. In the field of tablet PC, iPad’s piece of the overall industry is more than 50 percent †much in front of its closest adversary Samsung who is mulling at small 18 percent piece of the overall industry. In PDA showcase, iPhone’s piece of the pie has ascended by 10 rate focuses to contact

French Revolution Essay Example for Free

French Revolution Essay To completely clarify the underlying driver of Modern Nationalism, one must investigate what has unfolded in the French Revolution. In 1789, the French transformation was conceived. There were advances of intensity securing in the essential pieces of Europe. On the fourteenth of July 1789, Bastille was under attack and on October the King Louis XVI and Royal Family was deposed from Versailles and wound up to Paris. Lord Louis XVI was the ruler in those days so his destruction can be likened to an all out loss of request and authority. There were a few endeavors to get away from the ouster of King Louis XVI yet lamentably it fizzled. With no unmistakable control over the immense land, a get together was shaped to have a balanced and sorted out republic involved Austria, Holland, Prussia and Sardinia. At the point when the republic was shaped, King Louis was executed for his oppression which have involved for the growing of the Revolutionary Tribunal. France didn't partake with this philosophy in light of the obstruction of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte gained control of the Consulate to multiply a uniform law, fairness, property rights and destruction of feudalism. Geologically, France is arranged between the two enormous bunches of the liberal backers. Essentially, the French Revolution was the conflict between the nonconformists and the radicals. Progressives are those individuals who hold fast to an only society through the celestial law that is genetic through culture while radicals are the individuals who cling to line of reasoning that change and variety from the old framework must show for a superior society. From the conflicts of the two contradicting philosophies of the French Revolution, another belief system was shaped which is the Modern Nationalism. Patriotism is a belief system which centers around the solidarity of the individuals from the country to have a solitary national character offered premise to ethnicity, root and the social foundation of these countries (Miscevic, 2005). The embodiment of holding fast to the Nationalist Ideology is to build up a state. A state is political element that is accepted to have a high level of power (Miscevic, 2005). The state has a high sway since it is accepted that the force is brought together with this substance. The entirety of the individuals from the country must withstand to the forced terms and conditions made by the state. The state can be polymorphous in way that it tends to be law based and furthermore can be authoritarian. The two contradicting realms of Italy and Germany were joined together. In spite of their differentiating convictions, they figured out how to cure the circumstance and push through for the improvement of the country. In 1871, they were joined together yet the occasions turned sour when the country required a sole chief of the two states. It is expected and anticipated that there will be struggle among Italy and Germany due to their adherence to Liberalism and Nationalism, separately. Guissepe Mazzini was an extreme progressive mastermind that saw the Italy as a state under an umbrella of control by an outside power. He needed to liberate Italy from nationalistic philosophy that it has clung to since he was a radical. With his promulgation crucial, was placed into bars in Italy. His progressive demonstration were very disproved by the patriot see henceforth he didn't quit seeking after his exertion of moving Italy to a liberal state. Patriotism is a decent philosophy yet it has a few escape clauses like some other belief systems. Some of them are: it is excessively prescient and pretentious, why, since it generally expects to join individuals that are totally not quite the same as each other. Social relativism can be an issue for patriotism. Second, the determination of express that will be the focal point of power, this is significant subsequently nobody could determine what potential characteristics should a decent state have and everything comes down to who has the more noteworthy methods for creation. Ultimately, it expect that the world has an agreeable connection, yet in all actuality, we are driven by struggle. References Cody, D. (2007). French Revolution. The Victorian Website. Hartwick College. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. victorianweb. organization/history/hist7. html Spitzer, A. (2005). Tocqueville’s Modern Nationalism. Oxford Journals. College of Iowa. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://fh. oxfordjournals. organization/cgi/content/unique/19/1/48 Chastain, J. (2004). Guissepe Mazzini. Reference book of 1848 Revolutions. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. ohiou. edu/~chastain/file. htm Chew, R. (1995). Napoleon I: Emperor of French. Lucidcafe Website. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://www. lucidcafe. com/lucidcafe. html Miscevic, N. (2005). Patriotism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Recovered on November 6, 2007 from http://plato. stanford. edu/passages/patriotism/#1. 2

Live Coverage 19th Annual David N. Dinkins Leadership Public Policy Forum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Live Coverage 19th Annual David N. Dinkins Leadership Public Policy Forum COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The 19th Annual David N. Dinkins Leadership Public Policy Forum is taking place today at Columbia University’s Alfred Lerner Hall. The yearly gathering continues to serve as an important vehicle for discussing major urban policy issues. Todays event features The Honorable Loretta E. Lynch,  83rd Attorney General of the United States,  who will be presenting a keynote address on  21st Century Policing and Criminal Justice Reform.  Throughout the morning well be posting tweets from the event. So check back regularly to see whats going on, or watch it live through the livestream video below. CU President Bollinger on mass incarceration #DinkinsForum @Columbia pic.twitter.com/cwVht9dh6Q Joanna Diane Caytas (@JoannaCaytas) April 7, 2016 Comienza el #DinkinsForum con mi maestro Mayor David Dinkins #SIPALife #SIPA70 pic.twitter.com/gXXS4jEzj4 Ana G Gonzalez (@AnaG_Gonzalez) April 7, 2016 So honored to get a shout-out at the #DinkinsForum! I love you, Mayor Dinkins, and Im nothing but a humble servant! pic.twitter.com/W8MLyWpf76 Vikash Reddy (@vikashreddy) April 7, 2016 Mayor Dinkins, on @LorettaLynch: Im probably her biggest fan #DinkinsForum Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 Confirmation hearing for AG Lynch lasted as long as the last 7 AG’s combined, longest in 31 years. #DinkinsForum Amanda (@FedHillGal) April 7, 2016 @LorettaLynch reflects on importance of Liberty, equality, justice; not just for some, but for all” #DinkinsForum pic.twitter.com/cSrQSA5s20 Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 You all together have advanced the conversation on some of the most difficult conversations today, says AG @LorettaLynch at #DinkinsForum. Kaitlyn Wells (@KaitWells) April 7, 2016 Many struggling communities have lost faith in our system of justice, and this is simply not acceptable, says @LorettaLynch #DinkinsForum Vera Institute (@verainstitute) April 7, 2016 Im tremendously proud to lead the Department of Justice, the only cabinet agency named after an ideal. @LorettaLynch #DinkinsForum Patricio Martínez (@patriciogml) April 7, 2016 Every problem is not solved by jail. Every person is not changed by incarceration. Loretta E. Lynch #DinkinsForum pic.twitter.com/OshGaGFJZS Sonah Lee (@SonahLee) April 7, 2016 .@LorettaLynch: As we advance in our thinking on #criminaljustice reform, we’ve advanced in our use of #data #DinkinsForum Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 .@LorettaLynch cites NY Rockefeller drug law reform as an example of change. Our report on its impact: https://t.co/7HRYo7YTGz #DinkinsForum Vera Institute (@verainstitute) April 7, 2016 Access to justice means more than getting an attorney in court. Means eliminating barriers to housing, employment. #DinkinsForum Amanda (@FedHillGal) April 7, 2016 None of the inmates she talked to were taking finance courses but thats where the real money is and you wont end up in jail!#DinkinsForum Patrick Ruff (@Patrick_Ruff) April 7, 2016 .@LorettaLynch: At @TheJusticeDept we realize we have to take a holistic approach to community empowerment and public safety #DinkinsForum Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 .@LorettaLynch: We cannot incarcerate our way out of problems of housing, employment, healthcare #DinkinsForum Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 Were at the annual #DinkinsForum listening to @LorettaLynch talking criminal justice reform pic.twitter.com/XehKVNXql9 Center for Justice (@JusticeColumbia) April 7, 2016 .@LorettaLynch: I’m extremely proud of the work @TheJusticeDept has done, but we cannot do it alone #DinkinsForum Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 #DinkinsForum panel about to start, ft. @Michael_Nutter, Mark Peters, Daniel Richman, Nicholas Turner, Ester Fuchs pic.twitter.com/bimwaHROZ7 Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 What are the greatest challenges confronting our #criminaljusticesystem today, moderator Ester Fuchs asks @NickTurner718 #DinkinsForum Vera Institute (@verainstitute) April 7, 2016 Advocating for a people centered approach that many in social work would applaud #DinkinsForum https://t.co/BCFOTCuaGw Andrew Lassiter (@andrewlassiter) April 7, 2016 Values and transparency are the two greatest challenges in criminal justice reform @verainstitute President Nicholas Turner #DinkinsForum Erin Dostal Kuller (@erinkuller) April 7, 2016 . @Michael_Nutter: History will show that Mayor David Dinkins is probably the most underrated mayor in modern American history #DinkinsForum Columbia | SIPA (@ColumbiaSIPA) April 7, 2016 Cmmr Peters stresses importance of systemic review to find underlying patterns of corruption #DinkinsForum @DOINews pic.twitter.com/bN39O9bjIW CAPI (@ColumbiaCAPI) April 7, 2016 In 1972 officers were tracked (for use of force) recorded 900 shots fired. 2015 it was 79.-Mark Peters, NYC DOI Commissioner #DinkinsForum Sonah Lee (@SonahLee) April 7, 2016 The eminent value of data and accountability #DinkinsForum https://t.co/BGoJZjJNg8 Andrew Lassiter (@andrewlassiter) April 7, 2016 There are a number of people who, if you give them a beer, will tell you whats going on. -Daniel Richman. Would #IRB approve? #DinkinsForum Vikash Reddy (@vikashreddy) April 7, 2016 Thats it! We hope you enjoyed following along with us today during the forum.

Hypocrisy In Canterbury Tales Essay - 807 Words

The power and marginalization of literature in past societies diminished the power of the people, because men had to follow a role placed by the town, and women had to be submissive. In the literature works of Canterbury Tales, Lysistrata and Vindication, we view the negativity of the townspeople because of hypocrisy of the highest power. In Canterbury Tales there is hypocrisy in the church due to the pardoner, in Lysistrata, women are not granted rights, and in Vindication, women were not allowed to education. In Canterbury Tales, the pardoner vouches for the pardoning of those who come to the church to confess their sins. Specifically in the Pardoner’s Tale, we see how he preaches to the church to repent for their greedy sin. This†¦show more content†¦It was seen as irrational to the men that women withheld sex, that their own wives abandon their vice to be heard in a society where there was not a part in democracy for women. Moreover, this situation depicts how ser ious the women were about having a voice in their government, because a three-decade long war was excessive. Luckily, Lysistrata did not back down from the men and was determined to find a voice amongst the men, in that society, a woman did not belong in the government, because a woman is a housewife and a sex tool. (ADD MORE) In the excerpt of Vindication, Mary Wollstonecraft unleashes all her anguish of women conforming to weakness. â€Å"Women, deluded by these sentiments, sometimes boast of their weakness, cunningly obtaining power by playing on the weakness of men, and they may well glory in their illicit sway,† (pg.40). She parodies how women believe they are weak, and run to their male companion for comfort, because in that society, women were stuck in this gender role of being stay-at-home mothers. In reality, that society did not believe in a woman having an education, going beyond the regular grade school was unheard of. Nonetheless, Wollstonecraft found her strengt h in her education because it expanded the opportunities to grow financially alongside her family. She strives for woman to educate themselves, because it she did not know anotherShow MoreRelatedCriticism of the Church in the Canterbury Tales1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, a collection of tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, was written in Middle English at the end of the 14th century (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2011). It is considered to be the best work of literature in English in the Middle Ages (Johnston, 1998). Chaucer uses literary devices as no one had ever done. In addition, he chose to use English instead of Latin. This masterpiece is structured in a similar way as Bocaccios Decameron. The tales are organized within a frame narrative (EncyclopaediaRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Prologue And Tale1338 Words   |  6 Pagesmedieval stories. Out of all the notable medieval authors, only Geoffrey Chaucer penned one of the great stories on the plight of being a woman as retold in The Canterbury Tales. â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale† points out the fallacy of medieval churches view on women being the lesser gender. â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale† follows a woman, the Wife of Bath, who tries to defend the experiences she has had in her life against the judgements of men. The Wife revealed the prejudice againstRead More The Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Essay5609 Words   |  23 PagesThe Rich Diversity of Meanings of the Pardoners Tale Chaucer’s innovation in the Pardoner’s performance tests our concept of dramatic irony by suggesting information regarding the Pardoner’s sexuality, gender identity, and spirituality, major categories in the politics of identity, without confirming that information. Our presumed understanding of the Pardoner as a character lacks substantiation. As we learn about the Pardoner through the narrator’s eyes and ears, we look to fit the nobleRead MoreCanterbury Tales and Religion2386 Words   |  10 PagesGilbert Ruiz Great Texts Dr. Coleman Fannin Essay 3 Satirizing the Greed of the Holy Church â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† was written during a time of religious unrest. Corruption and greed infiltrated the Church beyond the point of correction. Chaucer would have been well aware of these issues growing up as a diplomat in fourteenth century England. His familiarity of the systems and interactions between high-ranking officials in the court and the church make him a reputable source of criticismRead MoreChaucer And The Roman Catholic Church1994 Words   |  8 Pageslight is The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer. Though the story itself is comprised of many smaller ones, it still shows a slight rebellion against the Roman Catholic Church, even if it had only a small impact on others. The entire book told a story about a group of travelers on a pilgrimage meeting at a tavern, and challenging each other to a story contest. Each small story told dealt with something about the Church, even if it was in a small way. A few examples come from The Wife of Bath s Tale, and The

Media Representatin of Women in Sport - 2262 Words

Major Essay Current society is built upon stereotypes and constructions that are predetermined by previous generations’ views. One of the most recognised historical constructions is the patriarchal theory, that the female is subservient to the male. However, this construction of gender power is slowly equalising, with the rise of feminist groups in the latter part of the 20th century giving reason for this occurring. Nevertheless, gender battles are still occurring, particularly in the sporting industry, which remains male dominated. Female sport has been given much notoriety over their uproar in the past decade, but is finding in a male controlled industry it is difficult for women to receive help from governing bodies. Female sport is†¦show more content†¦So from our perspective it is clear that the media has constructed a view that the amateur female athlete must be ‘sexy’ in order to be able to succeed, we don’t read in magazines or see photographs of less attractive female athletes, they have excluded them for what in their mind is good reason, sex sells. However it is creating an unrealistic image of the perfect female athlete, they are not judged by how good they are at hitting, catching, shooting, running or jumping, but by how much they can get paid for taking their clothes off. (Caple, Greenwood Lumby 2010) Another cause for concern over female sport is that professionally they are not getting anywhere near enough media coverage and money as their male counterparts. The media cover male sport in far more depth; in fact a study in 2006 by South Australian Premier’s Council for Women found just 4.1 per cent of coverage was about female sport () and on Foxtel approximately 10 per cent was about female sport (Senate Standing Committees on Environment, Communications and the Arts 2006). The chart below shows the volume of news coverage that all the different sports receive, which not surprisingly shows Tennis as being pretty much the main female sport that is being covered, with very little else in comparison to male sport, even horses gain more exposure than females. So while females are being

The Leadership of Pres Kennedy and Johnson Free Essays

Kennedy wasn†t in office for very long, his actions in and out of the whitehouse are legendary. When President Kennedy took the oath of office in 1960 he wasted no time in cleaning up America. Several bills were enacted in President Kennedy†s tenor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Leadership of Pres Kennedy and Johnson or any similar topic only for you Order Now A lot of the major ones had to do with crime control. A lot of President Kennedy†s bills were targeted at organized crime. Bill S1653 was singed into action on September 13 1961. This was an interstate travel bill. The bill made it a crime to travel or use any facilities in interstate commerce with intent to conduct violent crimes to further illegal gambling, liquor, narcotics, or prostitution business. This bill had a major effect shutting down a lot of â€Å"speakeasy†s† which took care of gambling, and betting. Customs got a lot tighter which had a great impact on the running of liquor to foreign countries such as Canada and Mexico. A lot of drug pushers were arrested and many Bordellos† were also shut down. The senate passed Bill S1653 on July 28 and House on Aug 21. This was one of many anti-crime Bills that President Kennedy would enact throughout his term. A lot of his primary goals were oriented towards organized crime. Another one of President Kennedy†s crime Bills to be passed in 1961 having to do with crime was Bill S1656. This Bill made it a crime for anyone in the betting business to knowingly use a wire communication facility to transmit in interstate commerce any bets or wager information. Also it made it a crime to be caught with any betting paraphernalia such as parley sheets or wager stubs. This authorized a lot of wire-tapping and surveillance. Bill S1656 was passed by the Senate on July 28 and by the house on August 21 and was signed September 13. One other bill passed in 1961 by President Kennedy was the Fugitive felon act. This act made it a federal crime to cross boarders to avoid being prosecuted or remanded into custody after committing a violent crime or avoid giving testimony on a crime. This act was strongly enforced by local law enforcement agencies. The Federal firearms act of 1961 was a major bill passed for President Kennedy in 1961. This act prohibited the shipment of firearms in interstate and foreign lands to people under inditment for certain crimes. Not all of President Kennedy†s bills were directed towards the Mob and other such crime syndicates. President Kennedy also lobbied for the 1961 juvenile delinquency and youth offences control act. This act provided programs of federal assistance to state and local agencies to control delinquencies. It also authorized sections of health, education, and welfare to make grants for projects to improve methods of control, treatment and prevention of delinquency and to establish personal training programs. This bill was mainly focused at gang members, drug addicts, and first time offenders under the age of eighteen. In 1962 President Kennedy continued his onslaught on organized crime. One of his first acts was to enact an anti-crime bill that put a stop to interstate travel of gambling machines. Bill S1658 broadened on the 1951 ban on interstate travel of gambling machines to include shipments to points in the U.S. through foreign commerce and any machines including roulette wheels. Roulette wheels were included simply for the fact that they are a machine that is wagered upon were the course of action can result in the transfer of currency and or property. This bill was ironically called the Gambling Devices act of 1962. The Senate passed this bill by voice vote on July 27, 1961 and by the House June 29. This Bill was then signed into law October 18, 1962. Another bill that was going through congress was the eighth in a package of anti-crime bills proposed in 1962. Only two of the bills actually got anywhere. They were bills S1658 (the gambling machine bill) and bill S1655. This bill allowed the granting of court immunity to certain witnesses in labor-management racketeering cases. The Senate passed this in 1961. After president Kennedy was assassinated on November twenty-second, 1963, Vice-president Johnson was sworn into office at 2:38 PM later that day. President Johnson picked up where his predecessor left off. This led to the creation of a presidential committee on youth crime and juvenile delinquency with major stress on major cities such as New York, New Haven, San Francisco, and Cleveland. Other provisions to this act that differed from the first are setting up detoxification centers for drug abusers. One of his major acts was appealing to congress for drug laws and punishment. In 1964 a bill went through congress stating that there wasn†t â€Å"adequate means for detecting illegal diversions (of psychotoxic drugs) from legitimate channels. The reason for this bill was to make the non-legit licensed drug pushing a federal crime. One of the problems was that for the bill to be effective the regulation of such drugs had to cover intrastate as well as interstate commerce. The reason congress had to do this was because the drugs themselves do not come with labels stating their origins, and because of the manor that the drugs are held and or consumed a placing of their origin could be very taxing. For example because of foreign commerce certain drugs from for example Columbia might be treated more or less over say Peru. On August fifteenth 1964 congress passed bill number S 2628 by voice vote. There was no objection to the bill. The narcotics bill passed through congress and was eventually signed by President Johnson. On a related note the previous bill was the only directly involved narcotics bill in 1964. Around the same time that the narcotics bill was going through congress, the Senate Juvenile Delinquency Subcommittee filed a report on August 31. The report basically stated that the Narcotics Control Act of 1956 wasn†t working. The committee stated that â€Å"it failed in its initial determent purpose.† To help solve the problem the subcommittee recommended passage of several legislative measures. One of the bills was S 2628 this bill stated that instead of sentencing addicts, the way to handle them was to set up hospitals and detoxification centers. This was the new way to handle drug abusers. In 1965 President Johnson began to take a look at an increase in Mafia action that has been on a steady incline since 1961. In 1965 several bills were formed to combat organized crime. Senator†s John L McClellen (DArk) and Senator Frank J Lausche (D Ohio) submitted four bills in a package on June 24. The bills were as follows: 2187: Made it illegal to be involved in Mafia or any â€Å"secret society† that made their living by committing criminal activity. 2188: Made it a crime to obstruct federal procedures or investigations by attempting to bribe officials involved or witnesses. 2189: Legalized certain wire-tapping by federal agents for violation of federal law. 2190: Permitted witness in federal grand jury investigation to be compelled to testify and provide that they could be granted immunity from prosecution based on their compelled testimony. In early August of 1965, President Johnson urged for the enactment of the Law Enforcement Assistance Act of 1965 to supplement federal law training to local law enforcement officers as the FBI had conducted in the past. The purpose of the act was to provide training programs and demonstration projects in police work to update and improve the standards of local law enforcement personnel. The house passed on August 2, bill HR 8207 which authorized an appropriation of ten million dollars to implement the act in fiscal 1966. In 1967 the Omnibus District of Columbia Crime bill was passed which provided for warrentless arrests for minor misdemeanors and issuance of summons. In addition President Johnson also established a Federal Judiciary center to improve the operation of the federal judiciary and for protecting witnesses and informants from such enemy†s like the mob or other syndicated crime organizations. The Safe Streets and Crime Control act was passed to provide money for research and education for many ordinary street crimes. This set up the pathway for local organizations such as neighborhood watch. An Addition to that act was to focus again on juvenile crime. Thus the Juvenile Bill of 1967 was adopted. This bill also provided more money to develop and improve existing facilities regarding juvenile crimes. The money that was given went to: A. Appoint the Commission on crime and delinquency to do research on crime in the U.S. B. Appoint the Commission on law enforcement and administration of justice. A major contribution to the growing violence in America was guns. President Kennedy didn†t touch much on gun control. Neither did President Johnson until 1968. In 1968 President Johnson signed the gun control act. This act stated that a better control of interstate traffic in firearms was needed. This bill enabled support to federal, state and local law enforcement officials in their fight against violence and crime. President Johnson wasn†t only interested in fighting injustices on earth. Also in 1968 he signed an agreement between the U.S. and USSR banning nuclear weapons in outerspace. In conclusion President Kennedy and President Johnson both did a lot for crime control. A lot of the bills and act in which they personally oversaw are still in use today. Both had a lot to say and put their words into action. A lot of attention may have been swayed during the Johnson administration due to Vietnam. But President Johnson didn†t allow this to focus here at home as well. A lot has been done to prevent crime. A lot still needs to be done. With a little faith our presidents will continue to sign bills that will keep our streets safe and take care of crime in America. It isn†t very easy to get a bill to become a law. Most proposed bills never leave the floor before they are thrown out. Only the bills that have strong effects and are truly needed become laws in America. How to cite The Leadership of Pres Kennedy and Johnson, Essay examples

Mobile Marketing & Advertising

Question: Describe about the Mobile Marketing Advertising? Answer: Elements of Marketing Process There are four major elements of the marketing process that includes the Situation Analysis, Marketing Strategy, Marketing Mix and Implementation and Control. The process of marketing includes the identification of the opportunity in the market through situation analysis in which the firm identifies the resources, customers and other opportunities and capabilities to operate. It should incorporate the past, present and future aspects of the market analysis for company's product (Pride and Ferrell 2012). The situation analysis is done through internal and external analysis that includes- PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technology, Environmental and Legal), SWOT analysis and 5 Cs Analysis (Company, Collaborators, Competitors, Customer and Climate). Then the strategy is formulated for marketing for value positioning through market segmentation, product positioning with the target market, market targeting, and value positioning to target market through market resear ch (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele and Waller 2012). The market decisions are made through marketing mix parameters including pricing decision, product development, places for distribution and supply chain and promotional strategy. The last element is the implementation and control of the above strategies in the marketing plan so as to ensure that the process is carried out effectively and efficiently and evaluate the process from time to time. Marketing Benefits and Cost Hilton Hotel benefits and costs for marketing orientation are concerned with its marketing strategies based on the ideas of how the product comes out in the market (Hiltonworldwide.com 2016). This focuses on the strategy of the hotel for its decision on the location of the hotel premises. Hilton Hotel emphasized more on its location so that the customers could easily access it and avail the services in an easy way. The location being near the airport and in the middle of the main city has given the great value to its products and services. The focus is more on satisfying the customer needs and wants by integrating the activities to satisfy each client and achieving long-term goals of the company, its competitive advantage and become more customers centric (Grewal and Levy 2012). Consumer Behavior in various situations The buying behavior of the consumers depends majorly on the three situations that influence the consumer buying- time, condition (social, cultural and attitude) and place. Time is the factor that is most important and influential factor where the customer if lacks in time choose the other alternative of that brand. This impacts the sales of the organization (Solomon 2012). The marketing activity fails if the consumers do not provide the time to the marketers to make them understand what the product or service is all about (Hawkins and Mothersbaugh 2013). Another factor is the place where the marketing activity is done to attract the customers; the social factor also influences the consumer's choice of selecting product/services which are influenced by social groups, family and status and consumer's values, attitude and geographic conditions also influence the marketing activity. Development of Product in sustaining competitive advantage The products and services offered by the Hilton Hotel group are customer centric which make it as one of its competitive advantages. The company majorly serves the clients with all requirements that a customer needs and wants. The services of the hotel are dedicated to fulfilling and satisfy customer needs, and hence, the product development is customer centric. This includes the services of restaurants, room services, accommodation, safety and security, free internet and Wi-Fi, recreational activity areas, and best hospitality services to all its clients. The hospitality services rendered to the customers of the hotel are directed to satisfy the customized requirements (Martin and Schouten 2012). The services in hospitality include the food and beverages, accommodation, events organizing, business services, corporate meetings, social get-togethers and leisure. Addition to Marketing Mix There are three elements added in the marketing mix Ps other than 4 Ps of price, place, product and promotion. The other three are named as people, process and physical evidence. Process: Hilton Hotel process approach is approached through business strategy. The company aims to maintain the premium level of the process for sustaining the demand. Physical Evidence: Physical evidence for the company is the luxurious hotel, accommodation, exterior and interior designing and including the tangible goods within services. People: The people involved with the hotel that play a vital role for success of hotel. People involve employees of the company, customers, suppliers and the stakeholders. Marketing Mix The four P's of the marketing process for the hotel group includes product/services, price, place, and promotion, which are known as marketing mix used for improving the marketing activities of the company. Product / Services: Hilton Hotel group sells the services for the private and corporate persons. The services involve the booking of the rooms, conference hall, and restaurants for the personal relaxation, corporate meeting and social gatherings (Kotler and Keller 2012). Hilton Hotel is an international brand known globally that is known for providing best of its services. It value added products/ services includes recreational areas like swimming pool, gym and coffee shop; events organized on various occasions like political clubs, parties, private parties, religious groups, medical groups, corporate gathering and more; and provides the best of security, safety and reliability to all its customers, employees and other stakeholders (Www3.hilton.com 2016). Price: There are different price rates for the reservations, sales and marketing activities. The rates are specified for events, rooms, accommodation clearly to its customers. The pricing strategy best suiting hotel is market skimming price that are adopted in the peak season of the demand for rooms and accommodations and increase the prices. On the other situation termed as low season or value season for the hotel, market penetration price strategy is used (PenÃÅ'Æ’aloza, Toulouse and Visconti 2012). Place: Hilton Hotel is beautifully located with a great surrounding and is near to the airport Heathrow. The location also consists of the business hub where the corporate easily access the services of the hotel when needed. The official hotel website also serves the customers with an easy accessibility of checking the accommodation, rooms of their choice, prices and various events online to register or book them in the case of urgency or requirement (Close 2012). The marketing team then follows up the clients who are interested to avail the services. Promotion: There are various promotional activities that are incorporated to promote and advertise the brand among corporate and customers. The promotion is done through advertisements, personal selling, public relations and sales promotions (Bosik 2011). The advertisement of the hotel is the best communication medium to reach wide target customers; it includes advertisement on newspapers, social networking sites, website advertisement and professional magazines including Forbes, The Economist, Fortune and Financial Times. The public relation of Hilton Hotel is maintained through a wide range of communication with stakeholders involving employees, customers, private and public organizations, communicating through online and offline press releases and email and newsletters to all stakeholders. The Personal selling promotion tool involves hotel representatives to contact the corporate and potential customer directly over the phone or through meetings to give a personal touch with the c ustomers (Jobber and Lancaster 2012). Lastly, the sales promotion strategy is to be adopted by the company to persuade the customers for availing hotel products and services. The best traveling allowance, discounts on accommodation and event coupons and other value added services are included in the promotional strategy. Marketing B2B vs B2C The marketing of the services and products to the businesses or corporate is different from that to the consumers. The marketing to business is a bit difficult as the business work is a streamlined by the buying process that saves time and money. The business to business sale is based on the logical purchase while the marketing to the customer is more on the emotional basis (Pride and Ferrell 2012). The logic behind the sale of the product and service to the business is interesting as the customer here is knowledgeable, rational and has a purpose of purchasing the product or service as saving money, time and resources, while the customer is focused on the benefits of the services/ products and his decision is emotionally driven where he feels convenient. The brand identity in B2C is created through advertising and social media while for B2B it is created through personal selling and relationship (Miller 2012). The prospects of B2B are more difficult than that of marketing to the cust omer. The sales to B2B are taken as higher tickets as the sale is driven by a rational approach through personal relationship building. International Marketing vs Domestic Marketing Marketing is considered to be the efficient and effective management of the utilization of the resources of the company and meet the requirements of the customers. /marketing is done within the local and domestic markets, and the global existence of the companies make it important for a market plan for global competition through international marketing (Burkert, Ivens and Shan 2012). Domestic Marketing is selling the product and service in the local and domestic area, with the local competition and customers. On the other hand, the International marketing is the sale and promotion of the company's product and services to customer across different nations. International marketing refers to the market and transfer of products and services from one country to another country, while the domestic marketing refers to the transfer of products and services within the country (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger 2012). There are tariffs and nontariffs and other government regulations that affec t the international marketing. There are various barriers to the international marketing that includes- language barrier, cultural and social differences, customer's preferences and attitude, promotional tools and different economic, environmental and technical conditions. In domestic marketing company may adopt the same policies and practices at different branches but in the international marketing, it requires the different overall strategies, rules, policies to promote the product (Kim and Park 2013). References Bosik, D., 2011. Mobile marketing advertising 2012. [Place of publication not identified]: Mind Commerce Publishing, LLC. Burkert, M., Ivens, B. and Shan, J., 2012. Governance mechanisms in domestic and international buyersupplier relationships: An empirical study. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(3), pp.544-556. Cavusgil, S., Knight, G. and Riesenberger, J., 2012. International business. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Pearson. Close, A., 2012. Online consumer behavior. New York: Routledge. Elliott, G., Rundle-Thiele, S. and Waller, D., 2012. Marketing. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley and Sons Australia. Grewal, D. and Levy, M., 2012. Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Hawkins, D. and Mothersbaugh, D., 2013. Consumer behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. com, 2016. Hotel Sales and Marketing | Global Sales | Hilton Worldwide. [online] Available at: https://www.hiltonworldwide.com/development/performance-advantage/hilton-worldwide-sales/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2016]. Jobber, D. and Lancaster, G., 2012. Selling and sales management. Harlow: Pearson. Kim, E. and Park, K., 2013. Marketing mix elements influencing brand attitude strength: Global vs. domestic SPA brands. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 23(3), pp.263-281. Kotler, P. and Keller, K., 2012. Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Martin, D. and Schouten, J., 2012. Sustainable marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Miller, M., 2012. B2B digital marketing. Indianapolis, Ind., USA: Que. Penaloza, L., Toulouse, N. and Visconti, L., 2012. Marketing management. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Piercy, N., 2013. Online service quality: Content and process of analysis. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(7-8), pp.747-785. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O., 2012. Marketing 2012. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning. Solomon, M., 2012. Consumer behavior. Boston: Prentice Hall. hilton.com, 2016. Hilton Hotels and Resorts - Find Hotel Rooms. [online] Available at: https://www3.hilton.com/en/index.html [Accessed 5 Jan. 2016].

Hdf 211 Essay Example

Hdf 211 Essay What are the (four) goals of science/theories? How do each of these goals contribute to our knowledge in reference to human development? What do continuous/discontinuous and quantitative/qualitative changes in development refer to and how do these two terms differ from one another? What are the three domains of development and what does each refer to? What is the nature-nurture debate about? What would someone believe if they argued that nature (or nurture) were more important influences on development? What are the key principles of the (Baltes’) lifespan approach? What does each of these principles mean? 2. What is imprinting? What are critical and sensitive periods (what was the point of the video clip! )? What does the terms plasticity mean in reference to development? What is the difference between normative and nonnormative influences on development and what is an example of each? Be able to define normative age-graded and normative history-graded influences. What is a cohort and how could cohort effects influence development? 3. What do genotype-environment interactions suggest? What are passive, evocative, and active genotype-environment interactions (these are also listed on pp. 2-73 in the text)? Why might active genotype-environment interactions become more common during adolescence than during early childhood? Why might siblings raised in the same family be different? What is an example of a non-shared environment? 4. What is a theory? On what fundamental issues to most theories differ (three were mentioned in class)? Who were the ma in theorists (what were their names) behind each major theory presented in class and the text? Be sure to know the main ideas associated with each theory and be able to name stages, but not necessarily the details of Erikson at this point, we get at those throughout. We will write a custom essay sample on Hdf 211 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Hdf 211 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Hdf 211 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Be able to recognize the stages of Freud and Piaget. What is the information processing approach and what is the key concern of this theory? What is developmental cognitive neuroscience? What are ethology and evolutionary psychology (the text call this evolutionary developmental psychology)? What is the difference between behaviorism and social learning theories? You may skip Vygotsky (not on the test). And you should know each of the levels of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory and how this theory is usually applied. 5. What is the difference between an idiographic and a nomothetic explanation? How does sampling relate to the generalizability (our ability to generalize results) or research results? What are the common research methods presented in your text? What are the basic research designs? What do correlational studies tell us? What kind of research design is necessary for researchers to draw conclusions regarding cause and effect? What is random assignment and what role does it play in experimental research designs? What is the difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each versus each other? Chapter 3 4 1. What are the stages of childbirth and what happens during each stage? Under what conditions are cesarean deliveries typically performed? What is the average length and weight of a newborn? What is the Apgar scale? What is considered a â€Å"good† score for these scales? What are the typical activities that women participate in who want to have a natural childbirth? What is an epidural analgesia and when is it used? How does it work? What are the concerns about negative outcomes for the newborn when mother’s have an epidural? 2. What is the definition of for referring to a baby as â€Å"premature†? How many US babies are born underweight? What factors are related to an increased likelihood of a woman having a low birth weight baby? What concerns are there for the health and development of low birth weight babies? What treatments are used to reduce problems for these babies? 3. What is the infant mortality rate in the U. S.? How does this rate compare to other countries? What factors increase the likelihood of infant mortality? What does SIDS refer to? What should new parents know (or do) to reduce the odds of SIDS? 4. What are the health advantages of breastfeeding (both dietary and generally)? What might some social or emotional advantages be? What are the main advantages to bottle-feeding? What are some reasons why mothers do not breastfeed? What role does maternal employment play in breastfeeding duration? Is co-sleeping with infants more common in the U. S. or other countries? What are some concerns about co-sleeping? Why are these concerns less of an issue in developing countries? 5. What are the typical primitive reflexes that are present in newborns? What are postural and locomotor reflexes? What are the rooting, tonic neck, palmar grasp, stepping, and moro reflex? What is the point of babies being born with these reflexes? 6. What are some typical neurophysiological methods to sudy brain functioning? What is lateralization in the brain? What is the cerebral cortex? What are the functions of the left and right hemispheres in the brain? What are neurons, synapse, synaptic pruning, and neurotransmitters? What is the process of myelination? 7. What is classical conditioning? What is operant conditioning? What is habituation and recovery? How is habituation used to study infant memory and knowledge? 8. At what age can most infants support their own heads? Sit alone? Stand alone? Walk alone? Crawl? Grasp a large object (like a rattle) using ulnar grasp? Pass an object from hand to hand? Use the pincer grasp to hold small objects the size of a cheerio or a pea? How many hours on average per day will a neonate sleep (from notes or add the two from chart in the text)? What are the differences in infant smiling at ages 1 month, 4-6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 to 8 months? Chapter 5 1. Which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development corresponds to infancy? How do babies think during this stage? What are primary, secondary, and tertiary circular reactions? What do the terms adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation refer to? What is organization? What are mental representations? What is object permanence and how is it related to Piaget’s theory? What does more recent research suggest about Piaget’s ideas regarding children’s development of object permanence? What does research on violation-of-expectations suggest about infants abilities to think and reason? 2. What approach does the behaviorist approach take towards understanding how babies learn and remember? What are operant conditioning and classical conditioning? note I discuss these in class during Ch. 5, they appear in Ch. 4 of the text) 3. According to the information processing approach (p. 161) what are the major advances in cognition in early development? What are working, short-term, and long-term memory? What is the central execituve? What are the key changes in attention, memory and categorization? 4. How can early interventions (Carolina Abcedarian Project, Head Start) benefit cognitive devevelopment in early childhood? What percentage of mothers with children under the age of 2 work outside of the home? . How do the behaviorist and nativist perspectives on language development differ? At what age do children say their first word? What are the characteristics of early speech? What are overextension and underextension of words/meanings? What evidence regarding nativist perspective on language development did the video on deaf children in Nicaragua provide? When do infants start imitating language sounds? When do babies learn language sounds in their parents’ native language? According to the video in class, at what age can babies learn to sign?

The Bridge of San Luis Rey Commentary Essays

The Bridge of San Luis Rey Commentary Essays The Bridge of San Luis Rey Commentary Paper The Bridge of San Luis Rey Commentary Paper In his novel, The Bridge of San Luis Rey, Wilder develops his conceptual theme of bringing courage into life through an array of literary techniques including atmosphere characterization, diction, irony, flashback, and personification in order to portray character analysis and development . Wilder exploits his own point of view and position on the subject of love in life through the lessons learned by the Condesa. The initial dialogue between Pepita and the Condesa creates a barren and desolate, seemingly lonely atmosphere. When Pepita is questioned upon the letters concerning Madre Maria del Pilar, she abruptly changes the subject and refers back to her duties. She further responds to the Condesa with polite yet often hesitant and wary remarks, feeling as if she had a made a mistake (Wilder 40). Wilder is displaying the character of Pepita, a precautious and apprehensive child who is eager to please. Through the discourse Wilder further depicts the character of Dona Maria. The author highlights upon Dona Marias naiveti and desperation as she chooses to send letters that piteously asked her daughter how much she loved her (41). Wilder is illustrating Dona Marias delicate yet desperate nature. Upon Pepitas disposal of the letter the Condesa at last realizes one central theme to the novel that Wilder presents. The intent of the authors philosophy is conveyed through Dona Marias realization of what precisely life is. Dona Maria ultimately grasps that she had never brought courage to either life or love (41). Wilder The entire existence of Dona Maria was filled with lack of courage, and now she realizes the importance of bringing courage into life. Wilder further uses personification to emphasize Dona Marias ultimate understanding of the significance of life, as the Condesas eyes ransacked her heart (41). Dona Maria at last scrutinizes and carefully inspects the meaningfulness of her life through a set of flashbacks, only to discover that she lacked bravery in all that she did. Through flashbacks Wilder draws out the negative points of the Condesas life, including her amuletsbeads drunkenness wreckage neglect and exclusion (41). By repetition the Condesa blames her meaningless life on the circumstance and the way she was brought up, vowing as well to bring new courage into life. Wilder further emphasizes the beginnings of the Condesas new life through diction and symbolization. When Dona Maria writes her first letter, her first stumbling misspelled letter in courage (41), Wilder voices his intent and the theme of the novel: mistakes in life are normal so long as you live your life with courage. The author uses diction to convey that simple stumbles and mistakes like misspellings in life are normal, but the most important aspect is to display bravery. Wilder uses the letters as a symbol for the character development of Dona Maria. The letters in the beginning of Dona Marias life were filled with self-pity. Now, the first letter symbolizes the Condesas new and courageous, outspoken perspective on life. Wilders diction describing the free and generous letters show that Dona Maria is able to liberally and openhandedly express herself with newfound bravery. No one else has regarded them as stumbling (41), indicating that mistakes in life are typical, and no one truly cares. The first letter, regarded as the famous Letter LVI, contains an immortal paragraph of love (41). Wilder utilizes diction by describing love as immortal, highlighting upon another significant theme of the novel. The author is speaking out through the Condesa on the immortality of love. Wilder voices his position that even through death, love is connected between the land of the living and the land of the dead by the bridge of love. When Dona Maria at last completes her letter, she opened the door upon her balcony and looked at the great tiers of stars that glittered above the Andes (41). The opening of doors is a symbol for Dona Marias new beginnings of a courageous life. The use of personification in the singing of constellations (41) highlights the optimism in the future of Dona Maria. Wilder uses specific positive diction such as glittering and singing to illustrate the new light and brightness of the Condesas life. The emphasis of light is further stressed as Dona Maria brings a candle into theroom, (41) symbolizing the new warmth and light brought into her life. Wilder conveys his themes and intent through the development of Dona Maria in The Bridge of San Luis Rey, drawing upon literary techniques to highlight his point. The Condesa ultimately vows to relive and begin life again with a new perspective, but the irony is revealed in the catastrophic collapse of the bridge. When at last Dona Maria has accomplished her greatest adversity, she becomes tragically victim to the fall of the bridge of San Luis Rey only two days later.

Economic Downturn Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Downturn - Assignment Example Therefore, in this paper, we will first look at the type of economic recessions that are determinable and then we will try and extrapolate the mechanisms which can be implemented by businesses I order to cope with the downturn. We are also of the opinion that budgeting encompasses a major part of any business's planning and forecasting activities, and takes a doubly important role in the time of recession, therefore, we would like focus on that aspect of business in our paper by providing a case analysis of a business and its budgeting process in times of recession which would help it recover from the murky economic conditions. We believe that this portion of survival mechanism is as important, if not more, than any other mechanism of survival which we will discuss in this paper. A large of number of bankrupt firms and work-outs have beset the financial market, yet the market has been able to soak up these fatalities and stronger limits on credit has quickly been able to restore the credit reserve to its original levels. This outcome will be a small period of decreased growth, maybe a negative GDP in a quarter and numerous volatilities in the credit and the financial markets in the way. It is pivotal to note that the decline in stock market prices was nearly 20% in 1998 but the recovery was as fast and strong after the decline. [1] In this case, our framework is simi... [1] Conventional Recession: In this case, our framework is similar and in fact has some aspects influenced by the structure programmed by the Resolution Trust Corp; which was created in a bid to ascertain homeowners were not thrown out of their abodes as well as allow the balance sheets to restore to normal for all the banking institutions that are in place, similar to the actions of 1990 in the aftermath of the oil crisis at that time. The outcome was decreased growth for 2 or 3 quarters in the doldrums and a more profound unconstructive effect on the economy. A gold rush for the better assets in the bond market and the poorly performing equity market would ensue. Assets sensitive to interest rate i.e. with large asset duration would perform exceptionally well in this time period and a depreciation in dollar will increase the likelihood of better returns on investments made in other currencies. This is the most likely scenario in our opinion. [2] Recession like the one seen in Japan: The worst possible scenario and what we consider to be the more unlikely is the current is the one the global economy becomes a model of the Japanese economy of the past whereby the whole economy would keep struggling forward at a snail's pace all the while unaware of which assets are not profitable and which institutions have been contaminated completely. The result would be slow yet steady decline in growth for a number of years with a steady decrease in housing valuation, smaller spending by the population and national investments and businesses in jeopardy. Value of national assets would reduce gradually and the dollar would decline in value. Assets in currencies other than the dollar and

Finance Management in Multinational Organizations Essay

Finance Management in Multinational Organizations - Essay Example Thus the overall uncertainty related with multinational firms require that such organizations must develop and implement financial strategies which help them not only to successful manage the risk but also ensure that consistent profits are streamed into the firm from its operations. Due to increased risk, multinational organizations often use financial derivatives to hedge themselves against certain risks also so that the overall financial interest of the organization remain intact. There are different areas which multinational organizations look to manage in terms of managing the financial resources of the firm. For example, use of debt is one of the most critical aspects of availing and managing it besides ensuring that firm generates enough cash flows to repay the debt too. Similarly, setting up adequate dividend policies is another area of importance which needs to be taken care off as shareholders of multinational organizations often place a larger premium on the overseas operations of multinational organizations. One of the most important characteristics of financial management at multinational organizations is the dealing in foreign currency. Multinational organizations often deal in more than one currency and also have to translate their earnings and revenues into one base currency therefore besides running other risks; multinational organizations also have to deal with the risk arising due to movement in foreign exchange rates. (Stopford & Wells, 2007). Similarly management of debt is also an important aspect of financial management as it directly correlates with the tax management also. In a bid to manage taxes in more efficient manner, multinational organizations often shift the debt to high tax countries in order to free up some liquidity as well as avail overall reduction in cost of debt. This also supports multinational organizations to achieve optimum level of capital structure

Anthropocentric Position in the Arctic Sovereignty Debate

Anthropocentric Position in the Arctic Sovereignty Debate Andrew Lawrence Introduction Motivated by the search for new trade routes and imperial accolades and glory, the Arctic has long been associated with famous explorers such as Franklin, Parry and Amundsen. As these explorers attempted to plant their nation’s flags in this expansive region, so continues today the practice of territorial claims in the Arctic. Ever changing climate conditions in the Arctic have reopened a race for new trade routes with the melting of ice in the North West Passage, as well as opened the opportunity of access to a vast expanse of natural resources. This renewed Arctic interest can be examined under the auspices of the human geography concept of environmental ethics, and more specifically the positions of ecocentrism and anthropocentrism. As will be explored here, despite all of the evidence towards global warming and its drastic effects on the Arctic, a policy of anthropocentrism regarding Arctic sovereignty is still practiced by Canada and other nations. Summary of Article According to the December 9, 2013 CBC article and interview, Canada has submitted an Atlantic and Arctic seabed claim to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of Continental Ice. The Atlantic seabed claim has been submitted in full while the Arctic seabed claim is only a preliminary claim that requires further scientific work. The Minister of Foreign Affairs requested officials and scientists complete additional scientific and cartographic work so the submission also includes a claim to the entire continental shelf along with the North Pole. Preliminary findings outline Canada’s claim to the Arctic seabed beyond the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone. An extension of this zone would include any natural resources beyond the current limit. Other nations including Denmark, Norway, Russia and the United States have staked interests in the Arctic region. In the press conference announcing these claims, the ministers referred to them as issues pertaining to national sov ereignty and the securing of Canada’s last frontier. Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Views and Their Relevance to Arctic Sovereignty The discipline of environmental ethics seeks to examine the questions and concerns of human interaction within the environment, and also seeks to provide a means to conduct this relationship between humans and the environment in an ethical manner (Norton, 2013, p. 125). In the twentieth century, the positions of anthropocentrism and ecocentrism were added to this discipline (Norton, 2013, p. 125). In an ecocentric position, intrinsic value is placed on all parts of the environment equally rather than placing humans at the centre (Norton, 2013, p. 127 ). Contrarily, in an anthropocentric position humans are placed as the central fact in the world where their detrimental effect on the environment is often stressed (Norton, 2013, p 128. ) The concept of anthropocentricism is especially evident in the examined article and the current issue of Arctic sovereignty, through the policy of staking claims in order to gain access to natural resources such as oil. These claims would benefit from the negative impacts that climate change, as a result of fossil fuels, have already played in this area. Interpretation of Current Issue Once referred to as the global environment’s â€Å"canary in a coal mine†, the Arctic’s rapidly changing conditions provide a broader perspective and advanced warning system on the real impact of climate change (Kofod, 2012). To the surprise of many scientists, the Arctic has been the first region in the world to show evidence that global climate change theories are in fact true (Kofod, 2012). According to scientific study the mean annual temperature increase in the Arctic, 3.7  °C, is significantly larger than the global mean temperature increase of 1.9  °C (Kofod, 2012). This rise in temperature can be directly linked to the world’s consumption of fossil fuels. Despite this outstanding evidence, the continuation of an anthropocentric perspective in the Arctic for the benefit of humans continues. The examined article discusses how any extension of Canada’s and the other nation’s 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone through the conti nental shelf will include any natural resources they contain. Often thought to be the driving factor in Arctic sovereignty, nations involved have made no secret of their intentions to extract from the vast number of stock natural resources in the region. However, a policy that centres on the extraction of natural resources for human use and which has already been directly connected to global climate change seems counterintuitive to the already fragile ecosystem of the Arctic. This detrimental effect of Arctic sovereignty position is within the auspices of the anthropocentric perspective. The subject of nationalism is another anthropocentric perspective deeply embedded in the policy of Arctic sovereignty. Nationalism is especially evident throughout the examined article and interview as both government Ministers refer to the policy of Arctic sovereignty as â€Å"drawing the last lines of Canada† and â€Å"Canada’s last frontier†. This anthropocentric view forgets the Native peoples living in the Arctic regions, who often live an ecocentric lifestyle, and have been forced to adapt, often more readily, to the southern problem of climate change. Often these Native people are used as political pawns in staking a case for nationalism and territorial rights within the Arctic sovereignty debate (Saunders et al., 2014). Conclusion My understanding of the issue of Arctic sovereignty has been enhanced through the application of geographical concepts that further explore the issue in greater detail. The flag waving, patriotism and need for military assets are often the only aspects of Arctic sovereignty reported by the government and media. Through the application of environmental ethics and the position of anthropocentricism to this issue it can be seen that Arctic sovereignty is a far greater issue than simply redrawing the boundaries of a country’s borders. Although on the surface it may seem Canada as a whole would benefit from Arctic sovereignty the examination of policies show that the Arctic and its people have already been negatively impacted by anthropocentric policy and a need exists to address this policy from an environmental ethics and put in place ecocentric policies. Bibliography Norton, W. (2013). Human Geography (8th ed.), CH 4: (116-157). Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press Canada. Kofod, J. (2013). Arctic Economic Opportunities, Environmental Obligations and Security Stakes. NATO Parliamentary Assembly. Sub-Committee On Transatlantic Economic Relations. Retrieved from www.tbmm.gov.tr/ul_kom/natopa/docs/raporlar_2012/e1.pdf Paris, M. (2009). Canada’s Claim to Arctic Riches Includes the North Pole. CBC News. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-s-claim-to-arctic-riches-includes- the-north-pole-1.2456773 Saunders, D., Huebert, R., Shelagh, G., Byers, M., Simon, M., English, J., Davis, W. (2014). Is climate change a northern catastrophe or an Arctic opening?. Arctic Circle Panel, Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/the-north/is- climate-change-a-northern-catastrophe-or-an-arctic-opening/article16480890/

How Far Did the Position of Black Americans Improve in the Years 1945-1955?

The US military involvement in WW2 was to have a lasting effect on civil rights and racist attitudes. The conflict brought on many changes that would highlight African American civil rights, for example it created many jobs for black people, not only in the defence industry but also to meet growing labour demand. Although between 1945-1955 there was indefinitely progress made for the position of black Americans, there were also limitations to that progress. The population of cities in the north such as Detroit grew dramatically as black people migrated during the war. Although there was a lot more availability of employment for African American’s, they would often find they were discriminated against, for instance not receiving equal pay to white workers. Employers would usually use the principle ‘Last to be hired, first to be fired. ’ It was a rarity for African Americans to be promoted as when they it would follow with walk outs and riots from white workers. In order to prevent the march on Washington movement, President Roosevelt agreed to set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission in order to accommodate equal opportunities for black people in defence industry jobs. This also led to increase in labour jobs, there was a 25% increase in African Americans working in the iron and steel industry. The numbers employed in government service increased from 50,000 to 200,000. However it had its limitations, railroads usually refused to hire black people and in the Deep South prejudice remained on employment issues. The NAACP campaigned to challenge the ‘Plessy v. Ferguson’ doctrine. Inequality was easily spotted in education. For example research showed that the pupil-teacher ratio was 20% better in white schools than in back, in addition to this white teachers generally receiveda much larger salary in comparison to a black teacher. The NAACP proceeded to sue on behalf of black students, which eventually resulting in the ‘Brown v. Board of Education’ legal case. Following the Brown case, Earl Warren who was the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, agreed that not only was segregation in education demoralising for African Americans, but segregation in general too. However this stirred up protest in the south. The White Citizens council formed the ‘Southern Manifesto’ in order to fight the brown case. There was also slow progress to the integration of public schools as The Supreme Court had not set a time limit, instead it had stated progression to e done with ‘deliberate speed. ’ There was also no action enforced by President Eisenhower who was reluctant to avoid stirring further opposition. Altogether, there was progress in economic status for African Americans. Due to the creation of trade unions and activist groups, something was finally being done about inequality for Blacks. However this gentle action was often faced with forceful opposition, or simply not enough being done, therefore hindering progress.

“It is through what we wear that we all establish our identity.” Briefly support or contradict this claim

Let us imagine a world where it was acceptable to roam the streets unclothed. Would you still conform to the norm that stated that it was usual to wear clothes? Most would, but there would be a minority who would take the liberty of going out naked. They would be viewed by the majority as anti-conformist and it could have spiralling effects on other aspects of their life – such as their identity. If a teenager wants to rebel against norms, it is very easy. They simply need to turn up to a dinner party in jeans and a t-shirt and no more need be done. They would have firmly set an impression in the minds of the other â€Å"black tie wearers†. It could lead to exclusion from the group even if they knew each other previously because it is showing a side of the person that may have previously been hidden. There isn't a human being who doesn't take appearance into account when getting a first impression of someone. It is what initially attracts one person to another and can give an idea as to what the person may be like. However, identity can be established in many ways and clothing is just one of these methods. When looking at a particular group of people, it is usually possible to examine the trends that they exhibit and spot people who look out of place and may be trying to change or enhance their identity through their clothing. Describe the connection between one particular trend in pop music and what its followers wear. â€Å"Mom. I wanna be just like Britney Spears† were the eight words which rang across the world when Ms. Spears released her saucy â€Å"Baby One More Time† video. Suddenly, it was trendy to dress in school girl uniform and the boys were instantly turned on by teenage girls dressing just like Britney. Had it not been for Britney's video, dressing in uniform at any time other than in lessons would, most likely, still be very â€Å"un-cool†. Since her first single, Ms. Spears has been an international jet-setter and trend setter. With each premiere, awards ceremony and after-show party she has attended, she has been the subject of miles worth of newspaper columns. Teenage girls everywhere have been unable to avoid the tactless and shameful promotion that Jive Records have elicited from Britney and living in the 21st century, it has become almost impossible not to be influenced by the publicity surrounding America's most famous Virgin. From controversy to contraception, Britney has been linked to everything. The initial hype surrounding her showed that she was popular amongst teenager boys and this was, no doubt, one of the main reasons thousands of teenage girls began to idolise her. Her sweet and innocent image meant that it was cool to be like Britney and this soon led to an explosion in mini-Britneys. There was a risk that she wouldn't catch on though and that she would fizzle out as another one-hit wonder. However this was soon disproved when she was pursued quickly by the other pop teen queen Christina Aguilera. Just when parents thought that Britney would be a temporary phase that their kids would go through, Christina pops up onto the scene. Bringing yet another set of catchy pop tunes, Christina enforced the idea that it was necessary to look gorgeous, be a size 8 and have a perfect body. Pig-tails were in and pony-tails were out; short skirts became even shorter and breast enlargements were being ordered left, right and centre. Despite their persistent denial of buying the plastic treatment, private clinics saw an enormous increase in their waiting list around Christmas time. It became cool to wear tight tops, to dress in leather and run around school doing Britney and Christina style dance routines. However, times change quickly and schoolgirls are already becoming bored of their teen idols' style and as Britney turns unfavourable in their eyes, it is now necessary for them to look at the older and more respected artists. Singers like Jennifer Lopez, Samantha Mumba and Janet Jackson who all have unparalleled style are the new trend. As teenage girls want to mature into appreciated women, their dress sense also proceeds in parallel and they begin to move away from the â€Å"bubblegum† image into a more adult look. They will however, all too often find themselves pre-occupied with the idealistic look of women in beauty magazines and on screen. Although this shouldn't be the case, it is an inevitable consequence of living in the midst of technology as we do and at least through these more mature artists, teenagers are growing up quicker. It is ironic to think that Britney is now modelling herself on her fans in order to please them. As they mature and advance in their ways of thinking and styles and trends, Britney is now evolving into a more mature and focused artist more in the style of Janet or Madonna. What is worrying though is that there doesn't seem to be another level to which artists like Britney can go to after her fans get tired of her present scheme. Unlike the real divas, Britney has a shelf life and it is almost up. Unless she can creatively reinvent herself with yet another new style, her fans will have to look elsewhere for inspiration and it may well be to an anti-conformist who exhibits qualities that are rebellious and not in line with conventional trends.

The Recycling Process Converts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1109 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Environment Essay Level High school Tags: Recycling Essay Did you like this example? The Recycling Process Converts The recycling process converts end of life or unwanted materials into new products with new or similar functions. Elastomers are rubbery materials with an elastic property. Elastomers can be recycled in various ways after the original product has reached end of life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Recycling Process Converts" essay for you Create order An example of a product that reaches end of life and goes through a recycling process are tires. Tires become unwanted when they have become worn down to the point of no longer being safe for road travel, or after irreparable damage has occurred. There are three large markets for scrap tires, they include: tire-derived fuel, civil engineering applications, and ground rubber applications/rubberized asphalt. Around 117 million end of life tires were utilized as Tire-derived fuel in 2015. Tire-derived fuels are a viable alternative to the use of fossil fuels, if proper regulatory controls are in place. Scrap tires have a high heating value and are sought after for this property for use in cement kilns as well as other industrial applications. Tires produce the same amount of energy as oil and 25% more energy than coal. The ash residues from Tire-derived fuels may contain a lower heavy metals content than some coals. NOx emissions are also lower compared to many US coals, particularly h igh-sulfur coals. Civil engineering applications consumed 17 million old tires in 2015. These applications can replace other materials such as polystyrene insulation blocks, drainage aggregate, or other types of fill. A significant amount of materials used in civil engineering applications have come from stockpiled tires. Ground rubber usage consumed 62 million tires in 2015. Ground rubber is used to manufacture many products, including: asphalt rubber, synthetic sports field underlay, animal bedding, and many more. The largest use of these is asphalt rubber utilizing around 12 million tires annually. California and Arizona are the largest users of asphalt rubber. Other uses for ground rubber are for groundcover under playgrounds, anti-fatigue mats, running tracks, animal bedding, underlay and infill for athletic fields, and equestrian footing. Tires must go through a recycling process before it can be reused for other products/uses. Most tires are collected from retailers when they are changed out for new tires, they are then sold to processing plants to prepare them for their long journey ahead. The tires contain steel wire to make them stronger, this wire must be removed before the rubber is recycled. Tires are cut into small pieces and treated with chemicals to create fine granules. This process may be done either mechanically by use of a shredding machine, or cryogenically where tires are frozen with liquid nitrogen then broken into crumbs by a hammer mill. The particles are steel are removed with a huge magnet. The rubber then goes through another screening process to ensure no wire or other contaminants remain. This stage also sorts the remaining rubber pieces by size for packaging and selling to any organization that needs the reclaimed rubber. Another Elastomer product is rubber boots, or rain boots. This product typically is not recyclable by regular recycling processes. De-vulcanizing the rubber breaks down the bonds which were formed in the vulcanizing process which poses a challenge to maintain the characteristics when recycling. Many people have found other ways to recycle old worn out rubber boots, such as repurposing them into outdoor planters. Thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) materials have the potential to be recyclable since they can be molded, extruded and reused like plastics, but they have typical elastic properties which are not recyclable owing to their thermosetting characteristics. Thermoplastic elastomers have outstanding thermal properties and material stability when exposed to a broad range of temperatures. TPEs also consume less energy to produce and can be colored easily by dyes, and allow economical quality control. Two important manufacturing methods with TPEs are by extrusion molding and injection molding. Recently, TPEs have been used in 3D printing giving them a wide range of uses. Other ways TPEs can be processed are by blow molding, melt calendaring, thermoforming, and heat welding. The recycling of plastics and elastomers are categorized by several numbered categories, most of which can be found printed on the product itself. These numbers have a triangular set of arrows around the number showing its recycling category. These categories are as follows: PETE: Polyethylene terephthalate (e.g. Soft drink bottles, fruit juice containers) HDPE: High-density polyethylene (e.g. Milk jugs, cleaning agents, laundry detergents, shampoo bottles, washing and show soaps) PVC: Polyvinyl chloride (e.g. Trays for sweets, fruit plastic packaging, food foils) LDPE: low-density polyethylene (e.g. Crushed bottles, shopping bags) PP: Polypropylene (e.g. Furniture, luggage, toys, car bumpers) PS: Polystyrene (e.g. Toys, hard packing, refrigerator trays, costume jewelry, CD cases, vending cups) OTHER: other plastics (e.g. Acrylic, polycarbonate, polyactic fibers, fiberglass) Polyethylene Terephthalate is one of the most commonly used plastic product and is found in most water and soda bottles. PET bottles are recyclable and should be recycled, but cannot be reused. When recycled, the plastic is crushed and shredded into small flakes and reprocessed to make new PET bottles, or can be spun into polyester fiber and used to make textiles, such as carpets, stuffing for pillows, lifejackets, or coats. High-Density Polyethylene is a stiff plastic used to make milk jugs, toys, and some plastic bags. HDPE is the most commonly recycled plastic and is also considered one of the safest forms of plastic. Processing of HDPE is simple and cost-effective to recycle for secondary use. HDPE does not break down under exposure to sunlight or extreme heating and freezing, thus it is commonly used to make picnic tables and park benches. Products made from HDPE are reusable and recyclable. Polyvinyl Chloride is a soft flexible plastic and is used to make such things as plastic food wrapping, cooking oil bottles, children and pet toys, and plastic pipes and parts for plumbing. PVC is relatively impervious to sunlight and weather and is used to make window frames and garden hoses as well. PVC contains numerous toxins which it can leach throughout its entire life cycle, so it has been dubbed the poison plastic. Products made with PVC are not recyclable but some can be repurposed. PVC products should not be reused for applications with food or for childrens use. Many products can be recycled after they have reached their end of life and reused with a new purpose. Sadly more plastics end up in landfills rather than going to recycling centers to be processed and reused. The costs for recycling these products are very cost effective compared to the manufacturing of new materials. Everyone should do their part and help recycle more materials and put less strain on our resources.