The Chronicles of History Research Questions Samples Extended Essay

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The Great Expectations Of The Industrial Revolution

For thousands of years, families put their children to work in whatever labor was necessary for survival; only wealthy and powerful children were able to avoid this fate. In 19th Century England, children of lower class were to work long hours in factories, warehouses, and coal mines for low wages and little food. They also were considered by most societies to be property of their parents. Children had little protection from governments who viewed them as having little to no civil rights outside of their parents wishes, and Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations helps bring some of these conditions to light. The times of the Industrial Revolution were the root of child labor issues. Laborers were in greater demand than ever, and not enough men or women could fill their needs; children were cheaper and easier to control. At that time, the government didn t establish a minimum age, wage, or working hours. Children of all ages were forced to work up to sixteen hours a day for low wages and little food. Children were beaten if they were late to work, worked too slowly, or fell asleep at the machines. They tried to run away, but were often caught, and if they were caught then they were whipped. Long work hours for these children resulted in them having terrible health conditions. Children that worked in the coal mines had to travel through them without any light and often had to carry tons of coal while walking in water that was up to their calves. If a child was not â€Å"fortunate†Show MoreRelatedEffects Of The Columbian Exchange1121 Words   |  5 Pagesgrow faster. Shortly after the Agricultural Revolution, there was the First Industrial Revolution, it took place in Britain. Textiles were the first widely mechanized industry and soon the steam engine was invented. Thomas Newcomen came up with the first design, which was originally used to pump water out of deep mines, James Watt then redesigned the steam engine in 1769. Transportation was another big thing that came about with the Industrial Revolution, there was a time known as â€Å"the golden ageRead MoreOrganizational Theory And Management Theory Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Theory and Management is the Industrial Revolution. It was the evolution to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760-1820 and 1840. It was a great significance to Industrial Revolution, which launched in Great Britain and Europe during the 18th century. To first have a connection with Frederick Taylor’s four principles of scientific management we must consider the background of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was itself to a change from hand and homeRead MoreThe Importance Of The Industrial Revolution865 Words   |  4 PagesAs the 19th century was starting, so was the start of the Industrial Revolution. The 1800s began with a bang as Count Alessandro Volta invented the first battery. Volta is the reason why we now measure electricity in â€Å"volts.† About ten years later Joseph Nicephore Niepce would create a machine that could produce a likeness or photograph. The first photos were taken around his house, the process took several hours to complete. A little later in the same year, the first steamed powertrain was perfectedRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesQueen Victoria was crowned. The Industrial Revolution also started in this era. Cities started to form and become heavily populated. In the novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens had the main character, Pip, live in two diffe rent life styles in the Victorian Era. Pip lived with both the poor and the rich population. Both life styles are very different and placing Pip in both societies helped to show that, while the wealthy people benefited from the industrial revolution, the poor people often paidRead Moreâ€Å"Social Classes Role in Bringing About Change During the Industrial Revolution1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution, a period of transition and innovation, inevitably brought with it changes. Life for both rich and poor was changed. The Industrial Revolution brought about the birth of two classes: The middle class and the working class. In the article â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† (1848) by Karl Marx, it states that â€Å"Marx saw the oppression of the worker by those who owned means of production.†(1) Did the Industrial Revolution benefit both, or yet cause grievance in one and be beneficialRead MoreThere are many periods in time that have been crucial in the develo pment of human ideals and1300 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world far beyond expectations. The Romantic Era was a time of innovation, social struggles, and major changes in industry and society, all due to Industrialization. One of the most important was all of the innovation that occurred. The Romantic era saw a series of economic and technological changes, originally and principally in England, which were later designated by the term â€Å"Industrial Revolution†. This term would forever hold true, as europe became the â€Å"industrial cradle† of the world.Read MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the comfort of their own home. The changes in the work environment also lead to unjust pay scales, treatment, and expectations. The Industrial Revolution was a result of inventions that changed the work environment by introducing factories; the provided opportunities for a woman to join the workforce and in turn leading to the first labor movement. The Industrial Revolution was a result of inventions that changed the work environment. The first invention brought to America to assist with reducingRead MoreSocial Inequalities During The Industrial Revolution854 Words   |  4 PagesBentley (Factory Work, testimony), Samuel Smiles (Thrift) as well as Karl Marx and Frederick Engels (The Communist Manifesto). To what extent do these documents address social inequalities during the industrial revolution? 768/1,500 (+785) Introduction 174/150 (-24) The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain created a duality of Nouveau Rich Bourgeoisie and Critically Poverty Stricken Proletariat. This was created through the move of production from the community based artisan cottage industryRead MoreA Report On The Production Of The Factory s Energy1660 Words   |  7 Pagesregulations and customer expectations the energy consumption of the factory and its efficiency has to be evaluated. This baseline study provides an assessment of the factory’s energy use and sets forward several important recommendations that will ensure more efficient energy consumption. MAIN DOCUMENT XYZ is a small to medium manufacturer of vegetarian pies that employees less than 250 individuals. XYZ ‘s factory is part of several units built in the 1970s within an industrial estate. Since then thereRead MoreDickens Views on Victorian Englands Class System1084 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Expectations, a novel written by Charles Dickens during the Victorian era. This novel was set in early Victorian England at a time when great social changes were taking place. During the late eighteenth and nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution had transformed the social landscape, allowing industrialists and manufacturers to accumulate huge fortunes that would otherwise have been inaccessible. Aside from the political and economic change which occurred, a profound social change took

Strategic Management Air Conditioners Market

Question: Describe about the Strategic Management for Air Conditioners Market. Answer: Introduction: This assignment is concerned about the analysis of the Indian market for Air Conditioners and the position of Blue Star Company. For this purpose the current position of Blue Star in the Indian market of Air Conditioners have been discussed along with the current growth strategies and how the strategic framework of the company can be developed. At the end of the assignment a plausible recommendation has also been provided. 1: Analysis of the Indian Air-conditioner Market (Opportunities and Challenges faced by Blue Star): It has been observed that the market for Air-conditioners in India is placed on a steady growth path since the last few years though there are certain exceptions. Peoples perception about this product has drastically changed and there is a paradigm shift in the category of this product. Previously Air-conditioners were considered as luxury goods while presently people are considering these products as necessary goods as the weather condition in India is hot and humid (Babar 2014). The demand for air-conditioners is increasing at an increasing rate by the residential sector and this leads to a fall in the price level of the products. However, this has instigated the manufacturers to target for a higher market share in the significantly high potential market of air-conditioners in India. On the other hand, the demand resulting from the commercial sector is also increasing as the number of commercial offices is increasing with the passage of time; there is also increase in the number of stores, business apartments as well. Therefore, the increase in the demand for air-conditioners is increasing in a twofold manner from the commercial sector as well as the residential sector (Shaligram and Deshpande 2013). As per the available statistics in the year 2013, the Indian market for air-conditioners accounted for 3.6 million units of sales. The air-conditioners (ACs) are characterized as high-end products, the status of current penetration is at 6.8% including both the window AC and split AC. The air-conditioner segment has drastically increased its share to 13 percent in the market for consumer appliances (Devotta et al. 2016). The key growth drivers of the market for ACs are the high growth rate of the income level as well as the increasing demand for split ACs. The room air-conditioning accounts for nearly 50 percent of the total market, while on the other hand the rest 50 percent is constituted by specialized air-conditioning and central air-conditioning systems. The market for room ACs can again be divided into two sub-sections which are residential sector and the commercial sector. The residential sector contributes to the major 60% of the total market share while the rest 40% is contr ibuted by the commercial sector (Ponde and Muley 2015). As per the India Air Conditioner Market Forecast and Opportunities, 2017 report the Indian market for air-conditioners is nonchalant will definitely grow at a significantly high rate in the upcoming five years. It has been forecasted that the Indian air-conditioner market will grow at a CAGR of 13.6% during the next five years (Chedwal et al. 2015). A significant rise in the level of disposable income, increasing weather condition and the rise in the cooling efficiency coupled with the technological progress in the AC industry are the main driving forces that are leading the Indian market for air-conditioners. However, from the above analysis it can easily be predicted that Blue Star is faced with a pool of opportunities as the Indian market for ACs is growing significantly. The company has the opportunity to get a better grip of the entire market segment by expanding its production. With the ever expanding AC market in India the company will also be able to target both the residential segment as well as the commercial sector and thereby produce relevant products which are uniquely designed for each of the segments (Raje et al. 2015). However, the main challenge in front of the organization is that there are a number of competitors in the Indian market for ACs and the number of competitors is increasing. However, if the company maintains its unique production design and strategies it will be convenient for the company flourish in the Indian market. 2: Evaluation of the resource and competencies of Blue Star: Blue Star produces and markets a vast range of refrigeration and air-conditioning products and systems. The products range from large plant for central air-conditioning, package air-conditioning systems, refrigeration systems used for commercial purposes such as water coolers, ice-cube machines, deep freezes and bottled water dispensers along with window and split air-conditioners (Panchal 2016). The other businesses of Blue Star includes maintenance and marketing of hi-tech industrial and electronic products such as the data communication products, testing machines special control valves etc. Therefore, it is quite evident that the organization is sufficiently competent and hence it has a sound standing in the market for air-conditioners as well as in the other market segments also. Presently, in India Blue Star is recognized as the single largest source of air-conditioning products. it offers the widest range of air-conditioning products from window AC, split AC, air cooled or water cooled packaged air-conditioning systems, absorption, centrifugal, reciprocating scroll, variable air volume systems, rotary screw chillers, air handling units, fan coil units etc (Panchal 2016). There are many products which are never seen, never heard but quite effectively implemented at work in houses, hotels, factories, airports, showrooms, hospitals even at the satellite launch stations in India and that is the Blue Star air-conditioning. One of the main competences of Blue Star is that the company has implemented various precautionary measures for controlling the environmental hazards caused by these machines particularly because of CFC (Chloro Fluro Carbon) which is used in certain refrigerators for cooling purposes (Lakshmi and Kavida 2016). It is a matter of fact that Blue Star is the only company in India that is selected for the funding of The Multilateral Fund for the implementation of the Montreal Protocol. The company in order to eliminate the environmental hazard has designed Ozone Friendly centrifugal chillers that use HCFC-123 instead of CFC (Lakshmi and Kavida 2016). All of the major industries, for example: three fourth of the total fibre plants in India uses Blue Star for air conditioning. A significantly large number of software companies, hotels, cinema halls, airports have been air-conditioned by Blue Star in India (Nath et al. 2014). Therefore, it is clear that the competencies of the company lie within its operation and management. The company operates in such an efficient and effective way that helps the company to sustain brightly in the competitive market of consumer appliances. Use of environment friendly materials, tie ups with larger companies and organizations along with the quality and uniqueness in the products has helped Blue Star to achieve prosperity in the market (Lakum 2014). 3: Discussion of the growth strategies and evolution of Blue Star: Blue Star has successfully identified the mega air-conditioning projects within the country as well as in abroad as the key driver of its growth. However, on the other end the country has certain aggressive plans designed particularly for enhancing its share on the market for split and window ACs, along with a steady focus on the commercial and corporate customer base. Following are the strategies adopted by the company for the purpose of enhancing its growth, Product awareness: In order to make the consumers well aware about the product range advertising is the key tool in the hand of Blue Star and this has effectively informed the customers regarding the different types of products of Blue Star available in the market. However, according to Matani (2016), advertising is always healthy for an organization. Advertising actually acts as a market force that pushes the activity of selling and distribution. Blue Star mainly continues its advertising activities by means of Roadside hoardings, signboards and banners Advertising in the popular newspapers such as The Telegraph, The Times of India, Hindustan Times Advertising in popular magazines such as Business Outlook, India Today etc. The company is currently planning to start advertising through television (Latha and Akila 2016). The consumers will come across the advertisements of the company more or less everywhere- television, print media, internet etc. However, as the process of communication is rapidly changing with the passage of time the company is planning to use media specific advertisements. Strong Network of the Dealers: The dealer network of the company is drastically strong across all over the country and the products are also available in almost every town in India (Ministerial 2014.). Facilities of credit and Dealer discounts: Dealers, sub-dealers and retailers are important to the company and they are given due importance. It is also very necessary to develop a proper understanding with the dealers, sub- dealers and the retailers as they are the one who can push the sales of the company to a higher level. It has also been observed that the main requirement of dealers is they just want the company provides them with credit facilities (Pawar and Kumar 2012). Blue Star is the winner in its category of business and as per the company dealers are also the important controller of sales of the company. Researchers have found that interestingly the dealers generally ask the customers to wait and assure the customer about the delivery if the particular brand is not available. Customer care: The company always analyses the needs of the customers and determine what the customers are looking for and thereby try to incorporate those features in their products. Another key strategy of the company is that they provide quick and effective after sales service and support (Attia and Getu 2016). This in turn makes the customers satisfied and thereby the word of mouth marketing comes into action. Innovative products: The products of Blue Star are always appealing because of the innovative design of those products as well as the high end features incorporated in them. In the market for air-conditioners Blue Star is the first to introduce air-conditioners with fuzzy logic, programmable timer, sleep mode, auto restart and non volatile memory as well. There were air-conditioners designed by the company which were tested to sustain salt spray for 1000 hours. These were specifically designed for the coastal areas (Attia and Getu 2016). These strategies along with the very good reputation of the company have helped Blue Star to evolve and grow in the Indian market as well as in the foreign markets also. 4: Deigning the competitive strategies for Blue Star: From the above analysis it is quite evident that Blue Star possesses certain advantages and in accordance to those advantages the company should design its competitive strategies so as to maintain its current position in the Indian market for air-conditioners. Blue Star is the only company that produces open type centrifugal chillers and that too with ozone friendly refrigerant. Art from this the company also produces certain products which are not produced by the other organizations in this genre (Ananthanarayanan 2013). Only Blue Star produces variable air volume system for the economic and localized cooling control. The largest air-conditioning contract is held by Blue Star that worth 40 Crores and is with the RBI Note Mudran Private Ltd. The company should make use of these advantages while designing its competitive strategies. The strategic framework of the company should mandatorily be in line with the recent changes in the economic and policy changes. The Confederation of Indi an Industry has approached the government to reduce the special excise duty imposed over the air-conditioners from 16% to 8% in the upcoming budget. Therefore in response to this the company should react and may increase its production (Ananthanarayanan 2013). Again as the statistics depict that the middle class population of India is growing and the disposable income is also growing significantly and this will definitely increase the demand for air-conditioners and therefore the comp any should effectively charge a lower price for the products and this will evidently help the company to cope up with the competition. Extensively using the internet and the social media for targeting the appropriate segment of people will also be effective for the business of the company. Nowadays, most of the people use smart phones and internet connection and if the company opts for online marketing it will definitely help the company to reach a substantially large number of audiences at a lower cost and at lesser time as well. Conclusion: In order to conclude it can be said that the assignment has covered all the nooks and corners of the Indian market for Air Conditioners and the situational analysis of Blue Star. It can easily be stated that Blue Star is the leading company in the Indian market and will soon become a leader in the foreign market as well. Reference List: Ananthanarayanan, P.N., 2013.Basic refrigeration and air conditioning. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Attia, H.A. and Getu, B.N., 2016. Authorized Timer for Reduction of Electricity Consumption and Energy saving in Classrooms.International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,11(15), pp.8436-8441. Babar, A., 2014. Study on Macro Analysis of Air Conditioner Industry. Chedwal, R., Mathur, J., Agarwal, G.D. and Dhaka, S., 2015. Energy saving potential through Energy Conservation Building Code and advance energy efficiency measures in hotel buildings of Jaipur City, India.Energy and Buildings,92, pp.282-295. Devotta, S., Padalkar, A.S. and Mali, K.V., 2016. Low GWP refrigerants as alternatives to HCFC-22 in room air conditioners.Science and Technology for the Built Environment, (just-accepted), pp.00-00. Lakshmi, S. and Kavida, V., 2016. Impact of Brand Equity on Customer Satisfaction and Purchase Intention of Air Conditioners in Chennai.International Journal of Innovative Research and Development,5(3). Lakum, M., 2014. Factors of Growing Air Conditioner Comfort Socio-Technical System in India.Research Journal of Science and Technology,6(3), pp.143-146. Latha, B. and Akila, M., 2016. Impact of brand loyalty on purchasing behaviour of selected consumer durable goods.IJAR,2(7), pp.603-606. Matani, A.G., 2016. Efficient Energy Conservation Strategies towards Effective CSR.Trends in Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, p.23. Ministerial, C.C.E., 2014. Energy efficient cooling and demand response.Presentation before the Clean Energy Ministerial, Seoul, Korea, 12 May 2014; citing Delhi State Load Dispatch Center (2012) HOURLY DEMAND DATA FROM THE STATE LOAD DISPATCH CENTER. Nath, V., Agrawal, R., Gautam, A. and Sharma, V., 2014. Green marketing promotion tools and Indian consumers green purchase intentions.International Journal of Business Competition and Growth,3(4), pp.275-291. Panchal, S., 2016. Voluntary Skill Development Initiative by ICICI as a Step Towards Fulfilling the Social Responsibilities of Business.Voluntary Skill Development Initiative by ICICI as a Step Towards Fulfilling the Social Responsibilities of Business (February 19, 2016). Pawar, I.A. and Kumar, D.B., 2012. IMPACT OF ADVERTISEMENT ON PURCHASE PATTERN OF LG ACS-A STUDY.International Journal of Management Research and Reviews,2(7), p.1155. Ponde, S. and Muley, A., 2015. A study on Growth Factors Marketing Strategies of LG Electronics Consumer Durables Brand in Indian Markets.SIES Journal of Management,11(1). Raje, S., Maan, H., Ganguly, S., Singh, T., Jayaram, N., Ghatikar, G., Greenberg, S., Kumar, S. and Sartor, D., 2015. Data Center Energy Efficiency Standards in India: Preliminary Findings from Global Practices. Shaligram, A. and Deshpande, R., 2013, July. HVAC Sustainability Research Park. InASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology(pp. V001T14A003-V001T14A003). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Bibliography: Amine, L.S., Cavusgil, S.T. and Yaprak, A., 2015. The Growth of International Joint Ventures. InProceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 78-83). Springer International Publishing. Hansen, A., Nielsen, K.B. and Wilhite, H., 2016, January. Staying Cool, Looking Good, Moving Around: Consumption, Sustainability and the Rise of the South. InForum for Development Studies(Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 5-25). Routledge. Manjunath, S.J., 2014. Brand equity and customer satisfaction: a study of LG air conditioner in Mysore.International Journal of Management Research and Reviews,4(2), p.207. Saha, A., 2015. Green marketing in India: Opportunities and challenges.Trends, Challenges Innovations in Management-Volume III, p.180.

Introduction Of Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example

Introduction Of Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Essay Definition of Tourism: It is difficult to specify touristry because touristry is a complex industry and many others concern involved. Harmonizing to WTO universe touristry administration Tourism comprises the activities of individuals going to and remaining in topographic points outside their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concern and other intents. 1.1Characteristics of Quality Tourism Beautiful, attractive topographic points We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Of Tourism Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Of Tourism Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Of Tourism Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Atmosphere must be relaxed Cleanliness is affair Sun radiance, healthy clime Good culinary art must play a portion Quietness and less traffic It is of import to cognize that travel and touristry industry is a service industry. This industry provides different types of services to their client. These service industries include: 1. Transportation system services such as air hoses, managers, and sail. 2. Hospitality services such as adjustment including hotel, resorts, Villas and BB, nutrient. 3. Entertainment such as amusement Parkss, casinos, music etc. 1.1.3 Nature of the touristry Industry: Travel and Tourism is a service industry. The nature of the service industry is really complex. We can hive away goods and merchandises but we can non hive away service. Service can merely be experienced. My research undertaking is base on the operation direction of Ashok Heritage Travels. In this research undertaking, I have explained how operation direction works in touristry and cordial reception industry in these yearss. 1.1.4 Purpose of the survey: The chief intent of the survey is as follows: To analyze the Current state of affairs of the Business environment and the factors which may impact the operation map of the circuit bureau To understand the direction of HR in Ashok Heritage Travels. To cognize the quality of service provide by the Ashok Heritage Travels To understand their operation direction procedure. 1.1.5 Restriction of the Study Operation direction in travel and touristry industry plays really critical function. For the operations directors it is really ambitious and curial portion to understand the markets tendencies, client s behavior and the concern environment. In this research undertaking following are the restriction of the survey. This research covers merely few selected operations maps of the company. This research relies on secondary informations and others resource. The survey periods are merely 1 twelvemonth. The research Project and its consequence will depend on the handiness and dependability of informations. 1.1.6 Organization of the survey: The survey has organized in the undermentioned ways: Chapter -I ; Introduction This chapter deals with capable affairs of the survey dwelling debut of the touristry industry, definition of touristry, focal point of the survey, statement of the job, aim of the survey, and restriction of the survey. Chapter -II ; Review of Literature This chapter deals with the reappraisal of the different literature of the field. Therefore it includes some studies, books and research plants. Chapter-III ; Research Methodology This chapter deals with research methodological analysis and it includes research design, sample, and beginning of technique and restriction of the methodological analysis. Chapter-IV ; Data Analysis It deals with presentation and analysis of relevant informations and information through definite classs of methodological analysis and major findings. Chapter-V ; Conclusion and recommendations It states drumhead, decision and recommendation of the survey. This chapter states chief findings, issues and spreads and implicative model of survey. CHAPTER-II REVIEW OF LITERATURE After choosing the subject of the research, I have to reexamine some related books, literatures and newspapers so that it helps to do clear thoughts, sentiment and others constructs. All the gathered information can be utile for the research undertaking. The purpose of the present research undertaking is to understand the operation direction of the travel and touristry company in the concern environment and how it affects the operational maps of the companies? This chapter is divided into six parts: 2.1. History and Government Policies of Indian Tourism 2.2. Introduction of the Company. 2.3. Internal and External factors. 2.4. Marketing Mix of the company. 2.5. Operation Management of the Company 2.6. Rival Analysis. 2.1. History Of the Indian Tourism and Government Policies of the Indian Tourism: India is the universe s 7th largest state, covering more than 3 million squares kilometers. It is 2nd merely to china in footings of population. India comprises of 28 provinces and 7 brotherhood districts each known for its particular appeal and beauty. It is a multicultural state, so it is called unity in Diversity . 18 major linguistic communications and more than 1000 minor linguistic communications are spoken. Hindi is the chief linguistic communication spoken by 40 % of population but English is widely popular and spoken. India represents one of the most possible touristry markets in the universe. India offers multiple picks to the tourer from frozen Himalayas to tropical verdure of Kerala, historical land, spiritual site, historical garrisons and memorials, shimmering rivers to their desert. India is one of the most visited states ; pull 1000s of tourers all over the universe. 2.1.1. Tourism development in India: Tourism in India has passed from many stages. The Sixth Plan marked the beginning of new epoch when touristry began to be considered a major instrument for societal and economic development. Following are some of import day of the months: in 1966 ; -India touristry Development Corporation were puting up to advance India as tourer finish. 1982: A National Policy on touristry was announced. 1988: National commission on touristry formulated for sustainable growing of touristry. 1992: National Action program was prepared 1996: National Strategy for Promotion of Tourism was drafted. 1997: A new touristry policy with economic policies of authorities was published for public argument. The policy recognise for the function of Central and State Government. The demand for engagement of Panchayat Raj institutes on-governmental administration, local organic structures and local young person in the creative activity of touristry installations has been recognised. 3. Policy Principles: In the 11th program touristry development was chief issue. 1. Focus on incorporate development touristry through mega undertakings 2. Harmonizing due importance to domestic touristry. 3. Positioning India as a value for money finish that delivers superior experience as rivals. 4. The function of authorities is to make an enabling environment where private sector investing can happen and take function in merchandise development. ( By IITM Report ) 2.1.2. Tourist attractive force topographic points: Varied life manners and civilization heritage and colorful carnivals and festivals inspire tourers. Adventures circuit, Cultural circuit, wildlife and landscapes, South Indian circuit, scientific discipline touristry and spiritual circuit and other activities attract the tourers. The most 10 admiration topographic points of India s tourer attractive force topographic points are as follows: Taj Mahal ( memorial of love ) Beachs of Goa Himalaya mountains Ajanta caves Varanasi Ghats Khajuraho Temple Kerala backwater Corbelt National park Rajasthan Garrisons Udaipur Golden temple in Amritsar 2.1.3. Growth: Harmonizing to the IITTM ( Institute of India Travel Tourism and ministry ) . During 1990-2010 international tourer reaching grew from 435 million to 940 million, entering an mean one-year growing of 5.8 % . 2.1.4 Review of the related surveies: In this subdivision of this chapter an effort is made to reexamine the assorted surveies of past researches associating to Indian touristry, travel bureaus, circuit operators, cordial reception direction and about Ashok Heritage Travels in concern environment. 2.1.5. Review of Report: Travel and Tourism Industry in India by Indian Institute Of Tourism and Travel Management Published in August 2011. Manjula Chaudhary, the writer A ; Director of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Gwalior and Dr. Sutheeshna Babu, Nodal officer, Goa.The study has been taken from different dependable secondary beginnings. The chief slug points of this study are, 1. To understand the present position of planetary touristry 2. Recent Tendency in Indian Tourism. 3. Quest for New Tourism Products. I have studied all this study and it supply me necessary information related to my undertaking research. 2.2. Introduction of the company My undertaking research is about Ashok Heritage Travels Company which was established in 1999. The chief office of the company is in Jaipur, India and others subdivisions office in German and Spain. The company was started as a little travel bureau but after several old ages has grown into open uping circuit operating bureau. Today, Ashok India travel has emerged as a leader among tour operators. The mission statement of the company is Deliver more than you commit . The company has proper licensed by Department of Tourism, Government of India. The company s nucleus activities are inward touristry, domestic touristry and leisure travel. They do hotel reserves, train engagements and auto leases. The company has broad web of offices all over the India, so they serve their clients best and look after their demands. It is assured by the company that they provide best merchandises and services to their client. Vision Of the Company: Building memories through travel 2.2.1 Servicess of the company: Company are specialized in forming circuit bundles in all over the India and Nepal such as wild life circuit bundle, South of India, North of India, Ethnic circuit in Rajasthan, Golden Triangle circuit, luxury circuits. Others services of the company are Car rental, hotel engagements in all of import sites of India, Train and Flight Reservation, Tour Packages by Ashok HeritageTravels: India and Nepal Tour Epicurean Tour North India Tour Rajasthan Tour Packages South India Tour Wild Life Tour 2.3 Macro Analysis: Any administration can non go out vacuity. They are surrounded by different forces which are straight or indirectly act upon the work of the concern. These forces are of two types, Internal and external forces. Internal forces can be control and alteration harmonizing to the state of affairs. But external forces are difficult to command. The external forces are called Macro environment ( PEST ) . The directors of Ashok Heritage Travels company has to the full understand their operating environment and rapidly react to any alteration. Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental ( PEATLE ) factors These are the factors which are non in company s control and can hold major impact, positively or negatively, on the growing of the administration. Lets discourse them as follow, 2.3.1. Political Factor: Introduction: Political agencies engagement of the Government in the industry of travel and touristry of the host state. Government generate Income from the Tourism industry and increase GDP of the economic system of the state. It is really of import for the Govt. to promote more touristry. More touristry generates import revenue enhancements, grosss and employment to the local people. The major factors are: 1.Stable Government: It is really of import factor that if the authorities of the India are stable and co-operative with the foreign investors, Govt acquire revenue enhancements and local people get occupations. Unstable Govt, communal clashs, offense, riots create bad impact on the tourer and as a consequence less touristry in India. Peoples avoid such topographic points. 2. Attitude of the host state towards tourer: The attitude of the host authorities towards their tourers should be positive and warmth. Tourists are from different civilizations and linguistic communications. 3.Infrastructure development: Government of the India has to put money on substructure and ace substructure. Roads should be proper constructed, main roads, hotels, motels, guest houses. Clean environment.Proper installations of conveyance ( air, route and ships ) . Tourist can easy travel anyplace, everyplace with in the state by usage of conveyance. .Tourist information Centres for the tourer so that they do non confront any jobs. 4. Terrorism and Security: Government has to supply proper security to all. Visitors or tourers ever avoid such topographic points where menace of panic onslaught. From illustration on November 2008, a series of co-ordinated bombardment and hiting onslaughts in Mumbai.The chief mark was foreigner people. This type of panic onslaught impact bad feeling on the tourer and they avoid sing. Government has to be watchful and rapidly response. Strict Torahs and particular administrations that provide security to the local people and visitants. 5. Planning and Permission. Tourism development planning conforms to the national planning procedure. The nature of developing planning means that assorted other sections, bureaus and curates involved. Grant of export and inducement for advancing private investing in the signifier of income revenue enhancement, subsidy and cut down import. 2.3.2. Economic factor: The province of the economic system besides influences on the company Ashok India travel. Economic factor indicate the disbursement form of the domestic and international tourer. In recession clip people spend less and at roar clip they spend more. Others factors are: 1. GDP of the state: Tourism besides contributes in economic system of the state. The economic system of the India is the 11th largest in the universe by nominal GDP. Country s Gross Domestic Products is straight increase by2 % by WTO 2. Employment: Tourism has emerged as an instrument of employment and human development. Professional preparation Institutes are opened by public or private sectors. 3. Foreign Exchange Rate: The value of the money addition in any regard. For illustration the rate of one lb is 80 rupee. For the international tourer, India is best finish. They can pass epicurean vacations with less money. Ashok Heritage Travels provide best quality of merchandises, high criterion of services with sensible monetary values to pull both domestic and international touristry. 4. Integrations/mergers of hotel ironss: If Ashok Heritage travels and tour merge with other standard company so the disbursement cost will diminish. They can offer inexpensive vacations as comparison with rivals. Second, they can able to supply more client attention in term of easy handiness. 2.3.3. Social Factor: Social factor means the impact of touristry industry on the life of local peoples, state and on the tradition civilization. More hazard of losing civilization individuality is associated with the increasing figure of tourer and travel industry. Others factors are: 1. Education: the chief factor is instruction. Education is better than earlier. Now instruction provides awareness and cognition of the universe. Peoples are good educated and their manner of populating standard alteration. 2. Changing in Life manner: Life manner of the people is altering. Most of the people in India are act uponing by western civilization. Trends towards fitter life manner are increasing. 3. Demographic alteration: like little households. Womans are traveling out for work. Local households traveling out with for leisure activities and domestic touristry. 2.3.4. Technology: Technology drama critical function in touristry. Today consumers want easier, quicker and cheaper services and merely engineering can make it possible. The consumer demand, Communication, conveyance and IT has made the whole universe as a planetary small town. Role of the cyberspace: The chief impact of new engineering on consumer is internet. Internet provides all information within seconds. Internet give you chance to do their ain travels and vacations bundles, cheque in -out. CRS is increasing. ( computing machine reserve system ) .Ashok India Travel company has proper installed engineering and new version of package s. Company has ain intranet and extranet for clients. Engagement of the media: Media such as telecasting, internet advertizement, wireless, electronic boards on the coachs and tubing station used by company to pull the clients worldwide with the beauty images, exciting topographic points of India and Nepal. 2.3.5 Micro Analysis: It means the internal forces which straight influence the map of the company s and these forces can be control by the company. 1. Employee: Staff is the assets of the company. They represent the company images and straight cover with the clients, if the staff is non happy, motivated it straight influence clients and as a consequence dissatisfied and less concern. 2. Customers: The chief intent of the Ashok Heritage travels is client satisfaction. Positive relation with bing clients and offers good trades to them so that they neer leave you. It is of import to understand that one dissatisfied clients tell to 11 clients as a consequence less concern. 3. Suppliers: Suppliers such as little bureaus, air hoses, local hotels, local coachs and managers. Good maintain relation with providers who provide all necessities requirement on clip. 2.3.6. SWOT analysis of the Ashok Heritage Travels: Strength: Wide arrange of web: company has wider arrange of web all over the India so that they provide best client attention, installations anyplace. High Quality Merchandise: company offers high Quality of merchandises and services to their clients. Staff: Well trained professional, committed, work as squad spirit staff. Celebrated and Positive Brand Image: Positive trade name image on the head of clients. Customer trueness: clients are really loyal with the company. Once they booked with them, they ever come back to company. Company give them loyalty price reductions, offers to retain them. Strong Advertisement and finance control: Effective advertizement and sound finance is the strength of the company. Internet services: On-line engagement, payments, offers merchandises and services, full information. Easy entree of web sites. Private and security package. Failing: 1.Safety: Any aliens when visit to others states the first thing they want is safety. But because of the bad relation with Neighbour state and increasing offense twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours impact on Indian Tourism. Mumbai onslaught and mark on aliens is the latest illustration which impact bad feeling on the head of the foreign visitants. Lack of proper substructure: Due to non proper roads and main roads. Inefficient to supply basic installations at airdromes, coach bases. No proper traffic regulations and more accident. . Opportunities: New Market: Ashok Travel and Tour Company offers circuit bundles for India and Nepal. But if they offer more tour bundles for others international states such as Packages for Egypt, London, Paris. Increase Hotel and conveyance installations: If the company provide more local conveyance installations such as auto hire, managers and private ain bikes as per client demand. Hotel installations such as different sort of nutrient continental, Thai, English.so that client happy and satisfy. Encouragement from Government: Government has to give grants to the private sector so they encourage giving all installations to the tourer. Menaces: Economic lag: Due to recession, passing form of the consumer has changed. They spend merely on necessary things such as nutrient and apparels. Better installations by rivals: If the rivals give better services in sensible rates, it s a large menace for the state and for the company every bit good. Political instability: Political turbulency has besides consequence on the touristry industry. Marketing Objective of Ashok Heritage Travel: 1. Achievieng a certain degree of gross revenues growing within a given of clip 2. Increasing the profitableness of the administration 3. Reducing concern hazard by happening new markets and pulling possible clients. 2.4.1 Marketing Strategy of the company: Marketing Mix of the company Marketing mix is a concern tool usage in selling merchandises and services. Selling is the construct of expecting demand, recognizing it, exciting and so eventually fulfilling it. Ashok Heritage Travels involved in measuring client demands and turning that into effectual demand for specific merchandises and services so as to fulfill clients and achieve the aim of the company. 4 Postscript: Merchandise, Price, Place and Promotion. 1. Merchandise A Merchandise is defined as anything that is offered to the market to fulfill a privation or demand. Product in cordial reception industry is touchable and intangible. Merchandises such as seats.hotel suites you can see and touch but service can merely be experienced. Servicess are perishable, inseparable, Variable ; Heterogeneity.Absence of individual constituents, the merchandise is uncomplete. Ashok Heritage Travels offers different circuit bundles in different topographic points all over the India and Nepal. Truths of bundles such as circuit to Taj Mahal, Himalayas, beaches and verdure of Kerala all are the merchandises of the company. 2. Monetary value: Monetary value is the sum of money charged for goods or services. Price is the lone selling mix component that produces gross. Price says something to the consumer about the nature of the merchandise. Price depends harmonizing to the followers: 1.Elasticity of demand and supply Harmonizing to the geographic country of the finish. Peak season Seasonality Degree of competition. Pricing on the tourer merchandise is really complex. Increase fuel of air travel, recession clip hit the travel and touristry industry really severely. Some companies shut down and some are fighting to get by with these challenges. Ashok Heritage Travel and Company knows better about the pricing policy and they offer the merchandises harmonizing to it. Company follows two regulations: Marketing Strategy. Tactic Level. Topographic point: Different distributor is selected for selling. There is little agent spread all over the large metropoliss that plays a function of distributor for the company. Ashok Heritage Travels act as a jobbers and the jobbers act as a retail merchant. The major determination that the company takes sing distribution is related to the channel of pick and channel members. 1. To ease the purchase in progress. 3. Company bought air hoses seats, hotel, adjustment, coachs for the local sight- visual perception. The latest tendency to selling tourer merchandises By the Ashok Heritage travels through Internet. E-ticket, direct engagement, on line payment, on-line cheque in or look into out. It is speedy, inexpensive and saves of clip. 4. Promotion: The publicity undertaking simplifies the activities of ratting, carrying and act uponing the determination of possible tourer Advertisement, media, IT, personal merchandising, public dealingss, direct selling and sponsorship. Ashok Heritage Travels are usage following promotional scheme: Raising consciousness of their merchandises in the market. Promote bing clients to purchase their merchandises by loyal strategy. Inform to the client and possible client about their particular offers. All people in the Ashok Heritage Travels are good trained, know-how, professional trained, multi skilled, best communicating accomplishment and supply best client attention to their clients. 2.5 Operation Management of Ashok Heritage Travels Introduction: Operation direction in the company are responsible for assorted activities and duties. The chief purpose of the operation direction is to utilize the administration resources such as adult male, material finance, machine in effectual manner so that they able to fulfill client. Ashok Heritage Travels is a large company web within the all over the India. They arrange different sorts of circuit, travel engagements and ain conveyance agreements. So the operation direction of such a large company is complex. The duties of the operation directors are Understand the long term aims of the company. Controling and keep all the internal and external activities Research, design and development of the merchandises and services. Quality confidence. Management of stock Capacity Management Management of staff, unexpected busy clip Communication with others sections such as selling, gross revenues sections. Planning of circuit by the Ashok Heritage Travels: Planing involves several phases. The three chief phases are: Market research Negotiation Commercialization of the merchandises Market Research: The purpose of the Market Research is to understand analyse the chief elements related with the market and its environment. Market research will let company to fit merchandises to client demands and aim peculiar market sections for their merchandises. Procedure of market research includes nonsubjective designation, aggregation of informations, analysis, airing and usage of concluding information. Target Market: Company aim the market by offers specific merchandises and positioning the merchandises in distinctive from its rivals. The chief mark of the company is inward tourer and leisure tourer. Negotiation: The Company has adequate information on the mark market and they create circuits bundles by negociating the needed services with several providers: Airlines conveyance, adjustment, providing and others particular providing services. The chief purpose of dialogue is to make the best competitory monetary value for satisfactory quality- monetary value ratio. Company s has ain agreement of travel and conveyance so that they provide best and convent services to the clients. Finalizing the contracts: When dialogues have been successfully agreed, contracts are drawn between different services provider. Company wage progress payments to the providers so the undertaking of planning and costing of the tour start. The company slogan is to fulfill clients and do their travel and tour a pleasance. Selling and marketing the merchandises: The Company offers their merchandises straight to the market or sells them through travel agents. The sale is depending on the presentation of merchandises in booklet designed by the circuit operator. Effective selling, sale publicity and advertisement runs play of import portion. The Booklet: This is the chief selling tool usage to sell circuit bundles by the Ashok Heritage Travels. Thousands of transcripts distrusted through their ain retail mercantile establishments, sent straight to the bing clients, on the cyberspace, local newspapers, magazines, company s web site, on telecasting and all others media. Company launch booklets at right clip, right topographic point and day of the month. In the booklets, coloring material exposure, high spots of the vacations, promotional pricing designed to pull the client s attending. Pricing Package Tour. After the aggregation of information, company set the monetary value. Monetary value of the bundle circuit is right for the market, competitively monetary value and offers discounting schemes. Box tour include: travel, circuit, attractive forces, adjustment, and nutrient with broad scope of picks, choice and bead. They besides offer flexible Tourss. Reservation System: Company has CRS ( Computer Reservation System ) .for both air hoses travel and train travels. In the extremum season, company purchase seats from air hose in progress for international tourers. Company has own web site ( www.ashokheritagetravels.com ) by which all clients bing or possible can easy entree the information, offers, send quires, book on- line, see booklets and all related information. Agreement of Staff By the Ashok Heritage Travels: Operation Directors of the company usage this resources productively and so more productiveness by using the employees decently. Ashok Heritage Travels has Skilled, motivated and dedicated staff. Company provide professional preparation to their staff. Company has assured that their staffs have following accomplishments: 1. All staff gets required accomplishments, cognition and abilities. 2. Performance at high degree. 3. More confident and productive 4. Adopt alterations 5.More committed and satisfied by the occupation 6. Quick response. 7. Motivation and positive image of the company. 8. Multi-skill 9. Politness and friendliness. Monitoring and Review: The operation direction of the company have proper proctor and reappraisal program to look into the operation procedure of the company. To see the spreads and countries need to better. 1. By Monitoring and commanding the quality, cost, finance budget, gross revenues, selling and clients demand. 2. Monitoring employee s public presentation and take measure to supply preparation and better productiveness. 3. Feedback from the clients. Feedback signifier to make full by the clients so that company cognize how they are making and what client wants from them? Customer s feedback, ailments, new thoughts to better merchandise, services and procedure. Rival Analysis: Porter s five forces theoretical account: 1. Competition among the industries 2. Power of client. 3. Power of Supplier 4. Menace of replacement 5. Menace of new Entrants. 1. Competition among the industry: The strength of competitory competition is the major determiner of the fight of the industry. Here the competition is among the local finishs of India and International competition of India with others states. Local finishs International degree 1.Cultural Centres Nepal 2.Religius China 3.Hills station Singapore 4.Coastal Area Sri Lanka India can make really good in the competition if India has powerful scheme, publicizing efficaciously ; advance India as Incredible India . 2. Power of the clients: As clients and tourer makes this industry, so it is the ability of the Customers to set force per unit area on the company as a consequence client s sensitiveness to monetary value alterations. Proper Infrastructure Best client services and safety More picks and inventions High Quality and less monetary value Substitutes Available Merchandise Differentiation 3. Power of the providers: The public presentation of the providers in the touristry industry play critical function. Supplier of natural stuffs, labors, merchandises and services on the right clip, right topographic point, in effectual and efficient manner. Suppliers can be beginning of power to the company, when there are few replacements and high monetary value for alone resources 4. Menace of new entrants: New entries of large and little companies in the same market will diminish the profitableness of the others bing companies like Ashok India Travel. Upcoming International states such as Philippines, Indonesia and Bangladesh are menace for Indian touristry industry. Barrier to entry: Companies have to use all following Techniques for barriers to new entrants: 1. Cost Advantage 2. Learning curve 3. Good Relationss with providers and clients. 4. .Brand Loyalty 5. Entree to Distribution 6. Government Policies 5. Menace Of Substitutes: Being of the alternate merchandises and services in the market, clients can exchange to, Monetary value Performance Switch overing cost Substandard merchandises CHAPTER-III REASEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction: Research methodological analysis explains the methods used in the survey including presentation of the research design. Collection of informations, informations analysis and reading of informations, and facts to work out the research jobs and carry through the basic aim of the survey. 3.1 Research Design Research design is the of import component of the research. The process start from the aim of the research, explain the solution or the method of probe the solution. Research Design is the program, construction and scheme of probe done so as to obtain the replies of the research inquiry and discrepancies. ( Kiplinger ; 1978:300 ) The research design fundamentally follows here to understand the operation direction procedure in the concern environment of Tourism Industry. 3.3 Collection of Datas: Information is life for any research. There are several ways of roll uping informations.Primary informations can be roll uping through experiment or through study. Secondary information is that informations which already issue. We merely happen in Google hunt, directories, buy from others house or company has own informations. The information and information in this research undertaking is based on secondary informations. Data collected from different beginnings for illustration from Indian Tourism web site, WTO. ( World Tourism Organisation. ) and from Report by. IITHM 3.4 Method Of Analysis and Presentation: The analysis of informations is done harmonizing to the form of informations available. 3.5 Restriction of the Methodology: Datas obtained from different web sites and all informations is based on secondary informations. Unavailable of Primary informations makes the research spot vary.Some proficient errors may be done. CAHPTER-IV DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS To carry through the aim of the survey mentioned in the first chapter, information is collected and several technique and tools will be used to obtain it. In this chapter my attempts are made to analyze informations base on Travel and touristry industry. I collected informations on Indian touristry. 4.1 Growth of Indian touristry Table.1 Regional Trends in International Tourist Arrival ( MILLIONS ) Year/region 2005 2008 2009 2010 Avg. Annual Growth ( % ) 2005-2010 Universe 798 917 882 940 4.45 Beginning: UNWTO Barometer Table 1.Regionally International reaching can be seen turning faster at the universe norm of 4.45 % during the twelvemonth of 2005-2010. 4.1.2. Foreign Tourist reaching in India: Table.2 Calendar month 2009 2010 2011 2010/09 2011/10 January 481308 568719 623885 18.2 % 9.7 % February 489787 552152 635527 12.7 % 15.1 % March 442062 512152 550051 15.9 % 7.4 % April 347544 371956 437792 7.0 % 17.7 % May 305183 332087 355333 8.8 % 7.0 % June 352353 384642 412336 9.2 % 7.2 % July 432900 466715 513853 7.8 % 10.1 % August 369707 422173 444548 14.2 % 5.3 % September 330707 369821 401995 11.8 % 8.7 % October 458849 507093 562873 10.5 % 11.0 % November 541524 608178 636762 12.3 % 4.7 % December 615775 680004 715364 10.4 % 5.2 % Entire 5167699 5775692 6290319 11.8 % 8.9 % Beginning: www.tourism.gov.in ( FTAs ) Table 2. Show the foreign tourer reaching in India during the twelvemonth of 2009 to 2011. Peak seasons- October to February is see being peak season for aliens. Highest % January 18.2 % ( 2010/2009 ) . Lowest % April 7.0 % ( 2010/2009 ) . We can see that 2010/2009 lowest % of month is April but this was alteration in 2011/2010 informations. April was the highest % . Table 3.Domestic Tourist in India: Main tourer Finish Tourists Statistics Kerala Year Domestic Tourists 2004 5872182 2005 5946423 2006 6271724 Tourists Statistics Goa Year Domestic Tourists 2004 2085729 2005 1965343 2006 2098654 Domestic Tourists Statistics Delhi Year Domestic Tourists 2004 1866552 2005 2061782 2006 2237130 Beginning: Indian Tour Operators Promotional Council Leading Tourist Finish: Kerala has major hot topographic point for domestic tourers and for the foreign tourer as good. CHAPTER-V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction: This Chapter is focused on decision and recommendation on the footing of analysis which have been derived from Indian Tourism and Ashok Heritage Travels Company. This Chapter is really of import as it allows: 1. To represents the consequence of the whole research. 2. To provides suggestion to the Tourism industry and Travel and Tour Operators of companies in Indian Tourism. 5.1 Decision: Tourism worldwide is an spread outing sector. Tourism in Indi has the important beginning of foreign exchange net incomes, employment coevals and societal -economic development. But the enlargement of international tourer to India, Tourist faces some jobs like unequal substructure, handiness to tourist finishs and in sufficient trained manpower.Poor hygienic status, torment of tourers, insecurity and hapless visitant experience. For the Company Ashok Heritage Travels has a possible to get by in the competitory tourer industry in India. Ashok Heritage Travels is dedicated travel bureau and their slogan is to fulfill their clients and they value their clients need and outlook. 5.2 Recommendations: Indian Tourists Board or Indian touristry has to take undermentioned stairss if they want India a best universe participant in tourer s industry. Proper Infrastructure and roads. Trains and railroads connexion to of import tourer finish. Increasing air place capacity. 3. Increase handiness of adjustments by promoting paying guest adjustments and adding hotel industry 4. Security, proper information centres 24/7 near to every tourer topographic points and easy available of maps, cusps and touristry magazines in stores particular near the finishs topographic points. 5. IT ( information Technology ) is really of import now the yearss. We can non conceive of a concern, touristry and instruction without IT. Indian Tourist Boards will hold to implement IT system in travel and touristry industry. 6. By internet online engagement, reserves, 3D cheque suites in hotels, up to day of the month information of Indian touristry, effectual advertizement and publicity of Indian touristry through cyberspace. Recommendation for Ashok Heritage Travels: Company has to concentrate on international market. They should hold to aim all market sections and aim all age s groups. Quality of services demands to better. Up to day of the month professional preparation Sessionss will necessitate to supply to all staff from underside to upper degrees. Use of Environment friendly merchandises, recycling, salvage power and H2O etc.will necessitate to be considered. Company has to take full advantage of IT. Internet booking on line, selling, e-commerce, proper information in website etc.

Anomic Suicide essays

Anomic Suicide essays Durkheims theory of anomic suicide presents itself in a complex yet sound manner. He chooses to concentrate wholly on society as a force on individuals than individuals as a force upon themselves. Isolation and lack of participation in normal social activities according to Durkheim is the root and cause of suicide. Those that commit the act of suicide are deemed to have felt a sense of purposelessness in their lives. Excessive ambition and aspiration towards unrealistic goals followed by failure is also a determining factor in anomic suicide. Setting limitations upon oneself and practicing modesty, humility, discipline and reason coupled with understanding would liberate man from the thoughts of self-destruction. Lack of religion in recent history has negatively affected some people due to deficiency of belief in an all-powerful being watching and loving mortals indiscriminately. Opulence of a man generally causes a decreased belief in religion and a greater belief in self. This mil d sense of grandiosity can at any trying moment veer into great depression triggering suicidal acts. Simmel discusses the mentally evolved state of being and thought in man living in a metropolitan society. The presence of varying types of people, institutions, and things as a whole desensitize man, to a point, from certain situations. Intellect and wealth, according to Simmel are interrelated. A notion of blas is prevalent in a metropolitan man since he dwells in a diverse environment. However, this certain indifference may develop into a belligerence from individually defined triggers of aversion. ...

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Strategic Management Unit 3 DB SA final Week - Essay Example The reliability of the matrix is on decline as a result of the poor correlation between the profitability levels of the market as well as the functionality of market levels (Hubbard, Vetter, 1998). Though the Cadbury yogurt markets are currently operating at high levels due to the their high market shares and yields much profits , but due to the fact that they operate on larger markets they are most likely to consume a lot of cash in return making the matrix to become unreliable(Medicos MBA, 2014). In the second template, it is shown that though matrix can be reliable up to a certain point, it is not fully sustained since the matrix’s are utilized in the implementation of strategic decisions. There are as well some limitations to the kind of information that the matrix group offers (Medicos, 2012). It becomes very hard to retrieve valuable information as well as data concerning the market share. This matrix is consists of four different quadrants (Medicos, 2012). In the first quadrant is about the Question Mark which shows that the matrix has low relative position in market share (David, 2005). In the other quadrant, a good example is the iPhone which is considered a great product. Though the product holds a high market position, they do not sell at high growth industry at times (McClurg, 2013). The last quadrant, ‘Dogs’, have a low market share, weak internal and external position leading to liquidation (McClurg, 2013). Hubbard, R., Vetter, D. E., & Little, E. L. (1998). Replication in strategic management: Scientific testing for validity, generalizability, and usefulness. Strategic Management Journal, 19(3),

Bronchodilator Essay Example for Free

Bronchodilator Essay By definition, a bronchodilator is a drug used for the treatment of chronic breathing complications such as emphysema, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also known as COPD. Bronchodilators are used to reverse the effect of obstructed airways acting as decompressor and mucus removers that cause breathing complications. There is short term or short acting bronchodilators that act as â€Å"rescue medications† (Webmd. com). These rescue medications are used in more emergency instances as with asthma. Long-acting bronchodilators are used for the maintance of such diseases as COPD which is more chronic. Each bronchodilator type â€Å"opens bronchial tubes so that air can move through†¦. And help clear mucus from lungs (webmd. com). Bronchodilators such as uniphyl and Phyllocontin come in the form of a pill or tablet and are a sustained release formulation of another drug called Theophylline which opens constricted lung passages. These are more long term treatments. Short term or more frequent usage as with advair, symbicort, serevent, Foradil, are inhaled and last between two and four hours while long term tablets use lasts upwards of 12 hours. Although bronchodilators provide control over congested airways, they also act as stimulants and have an array of side effects. These side effects include: nervousness, hyperactivity, heart palpations, upset stomach, trouble sleeping, and muscle aches. Bronchodilators are approved by the FDA and originated in emergency room settings, where the necessity was abundant for chronic asthma attack patients. Albuterol, commonly used for the maintenance of asthma in an inhaler form is often however more effective than most other long acting bronchodilators. Albuterol is considered an anticholinergic bronchodilator. As previously mentioned, theophylline, an inexpensive bronchodilator acts as a stimulant similar to caffeine. Theophylline stimulants the heart and nervous system, relaxing airway muscles. Some side effects of its use include nausea, diarrhea, stomach ache, headache, and irregular heartbeat. Some bronchodilators contain adrenaline so mixing with other stimulating drugs for the treatment of high blood pressure, diabetes; thyroid, hyperactivity, and heart disease are discouraged from the use of bronchodilators. Inhaled bronchodilators â€Å"enable the drug to reach into the lungs for maximum benefits† (medicine. net). It is a possibility to overdose on inhaled bronchodilators. Some signs of overdose include seizures, headaches, fainting and dizziness, and chest pains. If one is experiencing symptoms similar while using inhaled bronchodilators it is advised to visit a local emergency room or primary care physician. Alternate treatment conducive to bronchodilators includes pulmonary rehab and therapy. Excessive use of bronchodilators makes the treatments less effective and increases the probability of side effects. It is uncommon to have allergic reactions to bronchodilators but in the event, rash, itching, swelling and further complications occur, further use is discouraged. Some conditions treatable with bronchodilators are commonly COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD is â€Å"an irreversible disease associated with air flow obstruction†. (purdue. ca/products/products-asthma-asb) COPD umbrellas a category of other conditions such as emphysema, (irreversible lung damage/over inflation/weaking of air sacs) and chronic bronchitis (inflammation and scarring of airways tubes. Common symptoms of these conditions include: chronic chough, wheezing increased mucus, shortness of breath, and tiresome minimal activity. COPD is more predominantly caused by cigarette smoking however; other causes may include genetics, air pollution, cystic fibrosis, and childhood infections. Another condition treatable with bronchodilators is asthma. Asthma is also a chronic lung disease that causes swelling of the airways which creates complications with breathing. Causes of asthma are less solid than those of COPD but implicate being due to an† immune-mediated processing which inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators enter airway tissues to cause disease† (purdue. ca/products/products-asthma. asp). One who is diagnosed with asthma often becomes sensitive to hair sprays, cosmetics, cleaners, paints, pollens, animals and cock roaches, chemicals, temperature, and even some foods, An asthma attack is experienced with shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightening, persistent coughed and dyspnea. Bronchodilators are most effectively used while avoiding things that further complicate breathing. This is especially true with cigarette smoke which should be avoided first and second hand. Bronchodilators work most when used according to prescription and consistency. One should always educate self when or before exposing the body to such drugs as bronchodilators which are often stimulants and cause brief and sudden body changes.

Communication Problems in Relationships :: Couples Relationship Marriage

Communication One of the major problems that affect couples is communication. It is hard to listen to the other person when you think you are right. Couples seen to blame, criticize, and give the silent treatment among other things. There are struggles over power and lots of conflict. With so many things to fight about it’s good to be able to know how to fight in a way that’s healthy. Some of the things couples may fight about are gender roles, fidelity, sex, money, and power. With so many women working there is a conflict of who does everything at home and since they both have incomes then there is a struggle of who makes financial decisions. Fidelity is a big issue along with violations of trust and commitment. If the relationship is not going well, women seem not to want sex. This is because they tie emotional feeling with sex. Men don’t seem to do this. Next, couples cope with these conflicts in many different ways. One may finally give over to the other person. They can compromise, witch is the best method. They may agree to disagree or just stop talking about the issue. Denying conflict can ruin a relationship. Some Couples yell, humiliate, embarrass, and demoralize each other. These are not affective ways of fighting. There are ways to improve your communication skills. When your partner is upset don’t be defensive. A lot of the time its not a right wrong situation. It’s a different perspective that ur partner is coming from. Being caring and supportive increases the desire to talk. An important thing is to be honest with each other. Lying will make the conflict worse. Listening is probley the most important thing you can do. Lastly, there are rules for fighting fair. You should never attack your partner. It will only make them defensive. No one likes to be backed into a corner. Like I wrote before, be honest. Do not belittle or threaten your partner. Its better to focus on the problem not the person. Avoid fighting dirty, its not fair to your

Chapter Notes: Leaf-Fall 1666

Chapter Notes: Leaf-Fall 1666 We have looked at the first chapter – which chronologically occurs towards the end of the text, and discussed some of the reasons why Brooks might choose to structure her novel in this way. We see a lot of characters interacting with each other in ways that are quite different to the next chapter, demonstrating how much they have changed during the time of the plague. Brooks has taken her time here to describe the desolation of the garden that Elinor cared so much for – this reflects the desolation of the village and the characters – particularly Mompellion whose despair is so evident here.Anna (our narrator) is stoic, and is keeping things afloat. Her caring nature is evident in her attempts to assist Mompellion and also in her care for his horse Anteros. However, she refers to herself as a servant and you have all picked up on the fact that her behaviour does not at all resemble that of a servant. This foreshadows the tremendous jo urney (that ‘Year of Wonders’) the reader is about to see Anna embark on. Chapter Notes: Ring of Roses Refers to children’s rhyme supposedly about the plague. Certainly echoes the plague sores that are found on George Viccars body during this chapter.The chapter ironically begins with Anna saying that the last winter – when her husband died – was the most difficult she had lived. No-one expected this plague. We examined the burgeoning relationship with George which is cut short by his illness. We see Anna’s passion for her children (challenging God’s edict that none be placed before him) and her desire to be with a man again. We learn a lot about the lives of women in puritanical society in this chapter, and how Anna is already different from them. `Chapter Notes: The Thunder of his Voice Meaning of the title becomes apparent in the very last page of the chapter.Has a religious resonance. We are introduced to Anys Gowdie in this chapte r – a woman quite unlike those of her time. Anna feels drawn to her and changes many opinions in discussion with her, showing us how unusual Anna herself is for a woman of the time. Anys reveals her affair with George and his intentions to Anna. There are no deaths in the chapter – but the plague is discussed at the dinner at the Bradfords where Anna is serving. Anna goes home and checks her boys – both appear unafflicted. Chapter Notes: Rat-Fall. Obviously modeled on Leaf-Fall, what is the meaning of this chapter title?It begins with glorious descriptions of nature – the people believe they have contained the plague. Anna plays with her children and interestingly, Mompellion enters the picture. Very Garden-of-Eden-esque. Anna is uncomfortable around him. This stands in stark contrast to what we are about to experience. The boys playing with the dead rats is ominous. The weather soon changes, and Anna remarks on the insects biting her boys. She longs to t alk with Anys and begin to see the world in ways that she does. One of the boys playing with the rats starts showing symptoms. Mem Gowdie is sent away as they fetch a physician.The physician flees from the plague. Anna’s baby Tom dies during the chapter. Aphra scolds her for doting in him – she has lost many babes herself. She tells her it is folly to love them until they are walking and talking. It is clear that the plague has struck the town. Chapter Notes: Sign of a Witch Anna compares the plague to the falling of a whip that continues to strip a man’s back on p. 81. We learn that her elder son Jamie passes away even as he is still grieving for his brother. Anna tries a number of remedies to soothe or cure Jamie which must have been common at the time, to no avail.In fact, they seem to make things worse. It is only Anys who is able to soothe him – she promises Anna prophetically on p. 84 that her arms wont be empty for long. Mompellion comes to pray fo r Jamie and Anna â€Å"hears the words as if far away†. P. 86 Anna tells us of her grief and her inability to understand why she has not succumbed when her children and many around her have. Of particular importance are the questions she asks in the graveyard on p. 87. While all this is happening (which is personal and thus central to our narrator) it is clear the plague has spread throughout the village.It has certainly not been contained as they hoped. The townspeople seek a scapegoat, and Anna comes upon them accusing Mem Gowdie. Anys is not far behind and they seek to lessen the hysteria that has grabbed all around them. Pp. 89 – 91. Brooks creates a lot of tension in these pages. The responses of the townspeople here will prove useful in a number of possible themes to discuss around the text. In saving Mem Anys draws attention to herself and Anna finds that her loose tongue around Anys and George helps condemn her friend. Anys uses all her wits to distract and ang er the villagers and accepts that her death is inevitable.Her actions here may be hard to understand and we will need to discuss them. Mompellion comes to confront them but is too late to save Anys. They have created yet another tragedy within their town, and unwittingly destroyed the woman who may best have helped. Consider the irony of Mompellion’s comment: â€Å"oh yes, the devil has been here tonight†. Chapter Notes: Venom in the Blood The atmosphere in the village gets bleaker and Brooks comments that the witch’s blood has not saved those that followed her into her grave. Mem Gowdie falls ill and is taken into care at the rectory, but passes soon after.The herblore of the village is lost. No law is willing to come to the town to hold anyone accountable for what happened. Suprisingly, Mompellion’s sermon preaches love rather than punishment of vengeance (pp. 102 – 103), and he invites his predecessor Reverend Stanley to come into the Church (p. 100). This is significant given the religious upheaval of the time. The two have worked together for the good of the town and the older man shows his support of the younger. Mompellion pleas for them all the stay confined in the village rather than spread the plague seeds.Many agree, some if only for lack of food and provisions to travel. This is all evident in the conversations after the service. It also becomes clear that neighbouring villagers will send them food if they stay on quarantine. The Bradfords are not noticed slipping our quietly from the proceedings. This is a powerful chapter title and its meaning will require discussion. Chapter Notes: Wide Green Prison Those that stay in Eyam feel a kind of grace in their decision, which is juxtaposed with the hasty and discourteous exit of the Bradfords. They even defy the reverend’s pleas.Bradford accuses Mompellion of just trying to make the villagers feel better about having to stay (p. 115), which threatens the gentle peace many found at the church earlier. Consider the title of the chapter when discussing this. Many servants are left without a home or job and are distributed amongst the village. Kindness even in their darkest hour. This is worth noting – the darker aspects of humanity depicted in these chapters often outweighs the good we could see if we looked too (p. 117). Elinor gets on with the business of helping the town.We have some good examples here of the teamwork and balance in the relationship between Elinor and Michael. Elinor encourages Anna to help with midwivery, although Anna has horrible memories of her mother dying in childbirth pp 120 – 121, because they are â€Å"all that she has†. Elinor takes some milk of the poppy in case it is needed, and Anna calls upon her memories of the manner and technique of Anys Gowdie. On p. 122 she says the words the Gowdies said: May the Seven Direction Guide this Work, and feels that Anys is there guiding her as to how to deliver the baby safely.That night, they celebrate life instead of death, but Anna pockets the little vial of milk of the poppy at the end of the chapter. Chapter Notes: So Soon to be Dust The title from the chapter comes from the English burial service taken from Genesis 3:19. Why might this be important? The story of Jakob Brand and Maggie Cantwell shows us the types of responses people from Eyam might find in the neighbouring villagers. (pp. 129 – 131) Anna has a confrontation with her drunk father (pp. 133 – 135) and we found out more about her relationship and responses to him. Chapter Notes: The Poppies of LetheThis chapter titles strikes me as somewhat ironic – poppies stand for rememberness but Lethe represents forgetting and oblivion – oblivion brought on my remembering? Does this make sense in Anna’s case? Its also a very dark chapter whereby Anna questions whether she can go on amongst all the death and loss. Anna begins the chapter by m using about falling down a hill – a metaphor for her temptation with the poppy she lifted at the end of the previous chapter. It is a substance she knows from when Sam broke his leg and was treated by the Gowdie’s. Anna repents her theft but cannot bring herself to give the vial back.She makes a concoction of poppy and honey to hide the bitter taste and experiences sweet dreams of her dead children. The day she awakes to seems darker for her efforts, but she notices her mind is calm and she has slept well for the first time in a long time – 10 hours. The day is indeed bitter as she comes across plague ridden Sally Maston (p. 140) whose mother has died already and cannot care for her or ease her suffering. Anna looks after the children as best she can, but recognizes that it is a deathwatch. There is an interesting exchange with the sexton (a church official who comes to pick up bodies) on p. 41 that shows the exhausted attitude of the townspeople to death. Elino r tells Anna that her childhood friend Lib Hancock (who she told the gossip about Anys and George too which eventually led to Anys’ downfall) lies on her death bed. Anna rushes to her, but she is too far for them to put the incident behind them. After these traumas, Anna again relies on the poppy for sweet dreams, but she wakes up to the harsh reality that she has no more. She then remembers the herb stores at the Gowdies and sets off to replenish her stock. On her way, she visits the Talbot cottage as she does not see smoke coming from the chimney.She discovers two things there – that Richard Talbot has attempted to burn off his plague sore in an effort to burn out the disease, and also that Kate has brought a charm (like a spell) to attempt to dispel the plague also. She tells Anna she brought it from the spirit of Anys Gowdie. Anna knows this to be untrue, but cannot solve the mystery just now. When she arrives at the Gowdie cottage she finds Elinor there, who she m omentarily mistakes for the ghost of Anys. Elinor explains that she is there to learn what herb lore she can from the Gowdies, in hopes of saving the town.Elinor reveals she is well aware why Anna is there, and convinces her that she should not attempt to forget her boys through escape via the poppy. She asks Anna if she had sweet dreams and she answers ‘the sweetest I have ever known†. (p. 149). Elinor says she remembers this well, and warns her that the poppy is â€Å"a jealous friend and will not lightly loosen its embrace† (p. 149). She goes on to reveal her sad history to Anna (pp. 150 – 155) and how she came to marry Michael. She does not however reveal all and the biggest secret will be revealed by Michael in the final pages of the novel.They begin their work with the herbs and Elinor has made a study of the victims and notices that while the plague has claimed many, it has not claimed many â€Å"silver hairs†. They decide to start arming the young with as many natural medicines as possible. Anna worries about how she will cope without the poppies and notes that she can always find them amongst the Gowdie’s garden. Question your response to this. Anna also realizes she can throw herself into her work, and this may keep her going. Chapter Notes: Among Those That Go Down to the Pit A very long chapter.Michael is exhausted and Elinor and Anna try to convince him not to do so much. The reader should take note of the relationship and balance between Michael and Elinor after Elinor’s revelation of the previous chapter. Jakob Merill dies and young Brand who has been living with them and caring for the children is named his heir. Anna notes that the cold season demands so much of her – she is busy every minute of every day, delivering babies and learning about the herbs. She explains the processes she and Elinor try, and how they learn through trial and error.They rest only on Sunday – when Elinor dre ads to see in the church pews how they are losing the battle (p. 167-8) In his service, Mompellion says that he must close the church and the church yard – there are too many dead to bury there. He asks the parishners not to worry about not being buried on hallowed ground, God will find them. He faints at the pulpit. Reverend Stanley takes over. Elinor and Anna take him back to the rectory. In this chapter we also learn about the plight of Merry Wickford, a miner’s daughter who alone survives the plague. The other miner’s may take her father’s area if she is unable to produce a dish of lead.Unable to convince the other miners to help Merry, Elinor tells Anna they should help as Anna has knowledge of the mines from Sam. This frightens Anna, who knows enough to recognize how dangerous this is. She also knows that miners are superstitious about having any women near them (p. 175) Nonetheless they take Sam’s gear and try (p. 178). Anna is gripped by fe ar and the two women soon realize they are unable to meet the challenge. Anna remembers that fire-setting can be used, a dangerous practice that cost Sam his life. Elinor encourages her saying that the Plague could catch them any day.Elinor wants to accompany her but (for the first time) Anna speaks harshly to her if the silliness of not being out there to dig her out if needs be (p. 184). Earth buries her and Anna accepts her death. However, Elinor and Merry have both not obeyed her instructions and are on hand to dig her out. They present the overladen dish and save Merry’s mine. Mompellion is amused by Elinor’s presence of mind and outfit. Anna sleeps well that night. (p 188) Chapter Notes: the Body of the Mine Anna recovers from her wounds. Joss Bont takes on the role of grave digger, eeking hefty payment from those too weak or sick to bury their dead. The chapter continues with further examples of his greed and callousness. The final straw is when he digs a grave for Christopher Unwin who lies ill but not dying. He does not even have the plague. When Unwin lives, Bont angrily demands payment for the services that were neither asked for nor necessary. (pp. 196 – 197) Bont is humiliated by Mompellion. Anna hears that her father is thrown out of the tavern, and worries for her stepmother and her children. Aphra laughs when she hears and says â€Å"I am my own ways of bridling that mule† (p. 98). However, that night Bont hits him with his spade and attempts to bury him anyway, in order to steal his goods(p. 199 – 200) Unwin takes his grievance to the Body of the Mine (from the last chapter) as the only quasi-legal system left.. Unwin is also a miner and thus has rights to this. No one speaks up for Bont and he is sentenced to have his hands impaled to a stone as punishment for theft. It is generally up to kin to retrieve the accused, but Aphra’s children are all but one sickened with the plague and she cannot go. Anna doesn’t realize this and never seeks him out.Bont dies on the hill – which leads to greater tragedies later (pp. 204 – 205). His body is partially eaten by animals, and Aphra has to deal with this just after she buried three of her children with her own hands. Her behavior at the Grave is strange and unholy, even for one as superstitious as her( pp. 207 – 208). Chapter Notes: The Press of their Ghosts Anna grieves her father and the rectory and tells his history to Elinor. We learn to have some sympathy for him in this (pp. 209 – 210). Anna feels free of him after the telling – like she is strong enough to face him now.Anna and Elinor’s strength and resilence is contrasted with the other women in the town who are buying charms to ward off the plague. Spring arrives and the lambs are born easily and the village looks pretty again. Although Anna notes it does not over-shadow the still dwindling numbers when they go to pray at Cucklett Delf. Half way through June the village has lost half its population to the plague and this takes its toll on people. Anna details the changed appearance of John Gordon who punishes his body to atone for his sins. (p. 217 – 219). Mompellion and Anna later visit his wife to confirm this.John is later found dead and his wife contracts the plague a week later. This makes voices whisper as to whether he was right or not. Jane Martin takes to sleeping with many men to survive. Mompellion chastises her for it harshly (rather than the man), does Elinor’s history have anything to do with this? The chapter ends ironically with Anna feeling jealous of the Mompellions for having each other (pp. 228 – 229) Chapter Notes: A Great Burning Elinor begins coughing which sends Anna into a panic (pp. 232 – 233). She reflects on all that Elinor has meant to her (pp. 34 – 235) and Elinor asks Anna to look after Michael. Her fever breaks on p. 237. It is not the plague. Michael is overjoyed and Anna is jealous again (p. 239). Renewed, Michael preaches to the villagers that there should be a great burning of their possesions that might carry the plague (he is inspired by Urith Gordon here, who accepted possessions from plague homes and died). He calls it a sacrifice to God. Aphra is drawn to the fire in black rags – it becomes clear that she is pretending to be the ghost of Anys Gowdie and selling the charms around the village (p. 243).The villagers turn on her, and Michael tells them not to violate this spiritual place. Aphra is taken and held by two farmers – who cruelly throw her into a pit of manure which she must tread all night (p. 245 – 246). Elinor and Anna try to bathe and soothe her but she is angry and accuses Elinor of stealing Anna and her children (pp. 247 -248). Anna worries for Faith, the remaining girl and when she eventually goes to look for her finds something startling (pp. 249 – 251). Chapter Notes: Deliverance Anna comments that she avoids Aphra and wishes she hadn’t – foreshadowing again.They realize that they have not had new deaths for some time and hope that the plague has passed. Michael comments that new growth is present at the site of the Great Burning. Michael and Elinor argue about whether or not it is yet time to celebrate the passing of the plague. Michael wants to hold off. In tears, Elinor comments that not all are as strong of will as he. What does this mean really? Eventually a date is fixed and Michael and Elinor dress in white, Elinor with spring blooms in her arms. As he begins to give thanks, Aphra appears.She is clearly mad and blames Mompellion. Mompellion attempts to calm her and sadly Faith’s corpse is damaged in this. Aphra swings wildly with the knife, ending her own life and Elinor’s. (pp. 257 – 259) Chapter Notes – Apple-Picking Time Faith, Elinor and Aphra are buried and Anna considers how best to serve the memory of her friend (pp. 264 – 264). Michael goes into seclusion. He cannot bear Anna to speak of Elinor. When Anna offers to shave him they have an intimate moment (p. 266). Memories of the past run rampant here.Michael is astonished that Anna can read Latin. Michael remains alone for a season and Anna says she cannot rouse him. She brings him the good news of the town, showing the reader that life is moving forward outside the walls of the rectory (pp. 269 – 270). Anna decides to embrace life and make the most of it, symbolized by taking Anteros off for a ride. Mompellion is enraged and Anna takes him into her arms (pp. 273 – 281). He relationship begins but is destroyed by the revelation that he never slept with Elinor. Anna feels she has stolen something from Elinor (p. 83) She finds Michael cruel and perverse (p. 284). She comes upon Elizabeth Bradford and agrees to go and tend the birth. The surgeon abandoned a case Anna solves easily and she remarks tha t the little girl reminds her that she is to go on (p. 287). She saves the child from being killed as the result of adultery and promises to leave the village and care for the girl herself. (pp. 288 – 291). She is given jewels to do this. Anna plans to leave her cottage to Merry Wickford and plans to swap her sheep for a donkey to carry her away. Mompellion interrupts her planning.He knows the whole story and feels Anna may be in danger from those who would seek to destroy the child still. He gives her Anteros and an escape route (pp. 293 – 294). Chapter Notes: The Waves, Like Ridges of a Plough’d Land (Epilogue) The epilogue begins with Anna remembering a poem and marveling that it was written by a woman, showing how small she once believed the world and the capacity of women to be. She describes where she has ended up and how she got there. There are many key passages to look at, and much discussion to be had for the purpose of this chapter.